2024 Vol.6
Innovation in Livelihood Planning
A Government-led Endogenous Supply Model of Public Goods in Urban Villages: A Case Study of Y Village in Dongguan
Abstract: Urban villages are "isolated islands" of social-spatial governance in rapidly urbanized areas, with common problems such as insufficient supply and low-quality public goods. The existing theory of polycentric governance proposes the participation of multiple supply entities, but what kind of interaction and strength of influence among multiple entities could maximize the efficiency of public goods remains uncertain. This article proposes a "government-led and village-dominated" supply model through studying the Village Y in Dongguan: (1) the local government strengthens the rationality of public-good distribution through government-led comprehensive planning and provides the most-needed public goods through questionnaire survey on local residents; (2) the local village could experience a positive "investment-revenue-reinvestment" cycle, because the village benefits more on their property (e.g., rental) due to the better built environment; (3) the local villagers and residents enjoy public products with higher satisfaction, achieving a win-win effect on governments, villages and local residents.
Amsterdam Blue-Green-Roof Project's Implication for China's Collaborative Urban Pluvial Flood Risk Governance
Abstract: Managing urban pluvial flood risks have been a crucial aspect of spatial planning in China. Unlike those countries highlighted individual responsibility such as the United States and the United Kingdom, both the Netherlands and China focus on government-led approaches to urban pluvial flood risk management. Recently Dutch local governments have effectively mitigated urban pluvial flooding through active collaboration with non-governmental entities, offering valuable insights for China. Building on the concept of "interdependency", this paper examines the "RESILIO - Resilience nEtwork of Smart Innovative cLImate-adapative rOoftops" project in Amsterdam to gain insights into community-level urban flood risk management practices in the Netherlands. We conclude with three findings. Firstly, responsibilities for managing pluvial flood risk in the Netherlands lie with the municipalities because of its relations to complex local context. Secondly, through financial incentives and cooperation with market, social, and community entities, the Dutch municipalities make use of their interdependent relationship with these non-governmental stakeholders to develop better urban pluvial flood strategies. Thirdly, the Dutch urban pluvial flood strategies emphasize institutional assertiveness tailored to different community contexts. The above findings provide valuable lessons for community planning in China, including active inter-departmental collaboration within government and encouraging social capital and public participation.
Accurate Evaluation of Supply-Demand Matching Quality of 15-Minute Community Life Circle in Shanghai
Abstract: Evaluating the quality of supply and demand matching of community living circle services based on the distribution of specific demand groups can accurately guide the planning improvement. This paper proposes a set of methods for identifying the demand groups and evaluating the service level of facilities. Mobile phone data and the seventh population census data are used to identify the spatial distribution of demand groups, and POI data is used to measure the distribution of corresponding facilities. The accurate evaluation of the supply-demand matching is conducted by combining accessibility analysis. Based on the five types of facilities specified in Shanghai's 15-Minute Community Life Circle Action Guide, the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient are first used for overall evaluation, and then the service level of sub-types of facilities in the central city and suburban areas are analyzed at the kilometer grid scale to identify potential problems. The study shows that: service equality varies across different types of facilities, and some facilities have obvious spatial problems; the construction of a community life circle needs to go beyond the administrative division of street/town, and in some cases, it also needs to consider the optimization of road connectivity; it is not appropriate to set absolute accessibility standards for the suburban living circle, which should be determined by the usage of different facilities.
Identification and Revitalization Strategy of Urban Villages in Beijing from the Dual Perspective of "Population-Land"
Abstract: The research on the identification and characteristics of urban villages is the premise and basis for the realization of refined and differentiated renewal governance. Based on the dual-structure perspective of "population-land", this paper makes a comprehensive identification and correlation analysis of urban villages in Beijing, revealing their annular distribution around the central urban area, their spatial characteristics closely related to transportation, greening and industry, their population consisting of foreigners, youth and highly-educated residents, and their dense small service facilities such as catering and shopping. Based on the identification and feature correlation analysis, the potential of urban village reconstruction and governance is further discussed. The population-land dual structure perspective can capture and identify the dynamic characteristics of urban villages, and conduct slice research on the diversity and complexity characteristics of urban villages in a certain period. The data information provided by this perspective can lay a foundation for further analyzing the heterogeneity of the inner subjects of urban villages and formulating differentiated renewal strategies.
Key Issues and Innovative Practices of Complete Community Planning and Construction: A Case Study of Daye City
Abstract: The planning and construction of comprehensive communities is a pivotal endeavor aimed at enhancing individual well-being and elevating the quality of life. However, this field remains in its nascent stages, with existing research primarily delving into conceptual frameworks and material-spatial configurations, while neglecting the intricate issues that arise during actual implementation. Upon reviewing the historical trajectory of comprehensive community development, four pivotal challenges emerge: ambiguity in defining spatial boundaries, limited scope of ancillary facilities, unclear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, and inadequate financing and spatial revenue mechanisms. Drawing insights from the planning and construction practices in Daye City, Hubei Province, this study proposes innovative strategies to address these challenges. These include balancing supply and demand with administrative guidance and flexibility for dynamic adjustment; prioritizing livelihood facilities over infrastructure; engaging multilevel stakeholders for inclusive participation; and crowdfunding coupled with digital oversight for transparency and accountability. These tailored solutions aim to provide a foundation for localities to explore comprehensive community development programs that are tailored to their unique contexts, thereby advancing the field and enhancing the overall well-being of communities.
Research on the Planning of Elderly Facilities in Mega-cities under the Background of Active Aging: A Case Study of the Planning of Community-embedded Elderly Care Service Institutions in Guangzhou
Abstract: Under the background of active aging, how to meet the diversified elderly care service needs is a key issue in building age-friendly cities. This research takes Guangzhou as an example. In recent years, population aging has been in an accelerated stage, and the distribution of the elderly presents the spatial pattern of "agglomeration in old urban areas and dispersion in outer suburbs". Furthermore, there is a dilemma in the supply and demand of elderly care facilities. Based on the demographic data, and 1 061 questionnaires and 60 interviews from the 2019 Guangzhou Urban and Rural Elderly Population Questionnaire, the research finds that the needs of the elderly for home and community-based elderly care are much higher than those for institutional care. Guangzhou's community-embedded elderly care service refers to a comprehensive elderly care service resource that integrates institutions, communities and homes, taking the community as the carrier and making full use of existing welfare facilities, other public service facilities stock and idle social resources for construction, and guiding the spatial layout of community-embedded elderly service institutions. The long-term mechanism of community-embedded pension is discussed from three aspects: land security, supporting construction, and action subject. This study provides research basis and planning references for community-based elderly care planning of Chinese megacities.