紧凑型高密度居住形态的量化与测度研究* ——以沈阳市长白街区为例
Study on Quantification and Measurement of Compact High-density Residential Form: A Case Study of Changbai Residential Block, Shenyang
马芳芳
东北大学江河建筑学院 硕士研究生
刘生军（通信作者）
东北大学江河建筑学院 副教授，博士
摘要: 在新型城镇化背景下，居民的生活方式逐渐发生变化，对居住空间的需求存在量与质的提升，因此如何在有限居住街区内营造高质量、可持续的居住环境成为新的思考焦点。聚焦于高密度居住街区，以沈阳市长白街区为例，从紧凑度角度对街区形态进行分析，选取平均层数、容积率、建筑覆盖率及开敞空间率4个指标，借助ArcGIS对街区的形态指标进行量化与分析，使用全局莫兰指数探究指标与紧凑度的空间相关性，并利用层次分析法确定各个指标权重，从而构建街区紧凑度测度指标体系，进而获得街区内的空间尺度分布规律。结果表明：（1）选取的4个指标均大于0，呈现空间正相关关系，其中平均层数呈现的集聚性特征最为显著；（2）在紧凑度这一测度指标中，该地块以集约型发展为主，紧凑度较为均衡，且受交通因素影响较大；（3）研究区内以中高层住宅为主，容积率均值为2.51，保证了最佳的空间容量，同时也较符合人性化的要求。以期对我国其他城市高密度居住空间规划提供借鉴。
Abstract: Under the background of new urbanization, the lifestyle of residents has gradually changed, and the demand for living space has been increased in both quantity and quality. Therefore, how to create a high-quality and sustainable living environment in limited residential space has become a new focus. Taking Changbai residential block in Shenyang as an example, this paper analyzes the block form from the perspective of compactness, and selects four indicators including average floor number, floor area ratio, building coverage rate, and open space rate. The shape index of the block is quantified and analyzed through ArcGIS, the Global Moran's Index is used to explore the spatial correlation of indicators and compactness, and the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each indicator to construct a compactness measurement index system. Ultimately, this paper reveals the pattern of spatial scale distribution in the block. (1) The four indexes selected are all above 0, presenting a positive spatial correlation, among which the average floor number presents the most significant clustering feature. (2) In the measurement index of compactness, the block is dominated by intensive development and balanced compactness, and it is greatly affected by traffic factors. (3) The study area is dominated by high-rise residential buildings with an average floor area ratio of 2.51, which ensures the best space capacity and meets the requirements of humanization. This study hopes to provide references for the planning of high-density residential space in other cities in China.
关键词：新型城镇化；城市形态；居住街区；紧凑度；紧凑度指数
Keyword: new urbanization; urban form; residential block; compactness; compactness index
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
中央高校基本科研业务专项 “城市建筑景观格局与灰霾扩散的关联分析” N2011005
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