后发城市交通发展的目标、思路和策略 ——发达国家、城市的经验与启示
Goals, Mindsets and Strategies for Transport Development in Developing Cities: Experience and Implications from Developed Countries and Cities
曹国华
江苏省城市规划与设计研究院 副院长，博士
周江评
香港大学建筑学院 副教授，博士
摘要: 以多个发达城市、国家或地区为对象，总结了这些对象在城市交通与社会公平、城市交通与土地利用、城市交通与环境保
护、城市交通与制度等方面的经验和教训。在此基础上，提出了后发国家、城市交通发展追求的目标应为：多种交通模式平
衡发展的综合交通系统，注重土地高效使用和环境保护的综合交通系统，关注社会公平、公共空间、开放绿地、设施可达性
的综合交通系统，包含有制度、能力建设板块的综合交通规划和工作安排。为实现这些目标，主要思路或策略是：交通问题
的思考和解决必须放置于提高城市品质的框架内；大力促进公共交通、自行车、步行，管理好小汽车；因地制宜采取“城市
开发边界”、“公交都市”、“职住平衡”、“公交导向型发展”等策略或手段；让制度、能力建设、资金保障、公众参与等成为城
市交通规划和建设的一部分。
Abstract: Using multiple developed countries, regions or cities as subjects, this article summarizes the experiences and lessons learned in
these aspects: urban transport and equity, urban transport and land use, urban transport and the environment protection, and urban
transport and institutions. Accordingly, this article proposes the goals to be pursued by developing countries: a balanced and multimodal
comprehensive transport system, a comprehensive transport system with efficient land use and with care for the environment,
a comprehensive transport system caring for equity, public spaces, parks and facility accessibility, and transport plans and programs
that encompass institutional developments and capacity building. To realize these goals, the following principles or strategies are
recommended: solve and consider transport problems within the framework of improving quality of life of a city; well manage
automobile while greatly promoting the modes of public transit, walking and biking; take city-specific measures such as “growth
boundaries”, “transit metropolis”, “jobs/housing balance” and “transit-oriented development”; integrate institutional developments,
capacity building, financing arrangements and public participation into the processes of urban transport planning and construction.
关键词：发达国家、发达城市、城市交通、经验 、教训
Keyword: Developed countries， Developed cities， Urban transportation ， Experience ， Lessons
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
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