社会—空间视角下北京历史街区整体保护思考*

Study of Integrated Conservation in Beijing Historic Area: From Society-Space Perspective

边兰春
清华大学建筑学院 教授，博士生导师

石 炀
清华大学建筑学院 博士研究生

摘要: 历史文化街区是历史城市整体保护的重要组成部分，历史文化街区的保护既要体现对真实历史文化遗存和完整传统风貌的保护，又要充分重视对政策机制、经济文化以及社会民生等相关因素的协同发展。社会—空间视角是在过程与机制、结果与影响、策略与方法、目标与愿景等方面，对北京老城历史文化街区保护发展过程中社会与空间问题的综合思考。探讨了在北京老城整体环境、不同历史街区以及居住院落内部等不同空间层次和尺度上，在社会—空间问题上表现出的不同特征与难点，提出了重塑空间秩序与功能结构调整相结合、空间保护利用与社会结构梳理相结合以及空间行动单元与社区多元治理相结合的多元化、精准化、长效化的整体保护策略建议，并使之纳入北京老城整体保护的战略框架之中，有效推动历史街区保护理念的完善与实践水平的提升。

Abstract: Historic area is an important component of integrated historic city conservation. Conservation of historic area should reflect the protection of historic relics and traditional features, while stressing on the cooperative development with policy, economy, culture and society. From Society-Space perspective, this paper focuses on process & mechanism, influence & result, strategies & methodology and goals & vision, comprehensively studying historic areas in Beijing old city. It explores Society-Space features and difficulties through three scales: urban environment of Beijing old city, historic areas and residential courtyards. Furthermore, the paper proposes three strategies for current dilemmas: the integration of space reordering and function reprogramming, the combination of spatial utility and social sustainability, the coalition of flexible unit action and diverse community administration. Brought into the strategic framework of Beijing old city integrated conservation, this study could effectively promote the concept and improve the practice of historic conservation.

关键词：北京老城、历史文化街区、社会—空间整体保护

Keyword: Beijing old city，Historic areas，Society-space integrated conservation

中图分类号：TU981

文献标识码: A

资金资助

国家自然科学基金项目 “基于遗产价值评价的北京旧城历史文化街区可持续保护技术研究” 51578304

[1]侯仁之. 北京城市历史地理[M]. 北京：北京燕山出版社，2000.
HOU Renzhi. The historical geography of Beijing City[M]．Beijing: Beijing Yanshan Press, 2000.
[2]赵世瑜，周尚意. 明清北京城市社会空间结构概说[J]. 史学月刊，2001（2）：112-119.
ZHAO Shiyu, ZHOU Shangyi. The structure of the urban social space in Ming-Qing Beijing[J]. Journal of Historical Science, 2001(2): 112-119.
[3]韩光辉．北京历史人口地理[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1996.
HAN Guanghui. The historical population geography of Beijing[M]．Beijing: Peking University Press, 1996.
[4]史明正．走向近代化的北京城—城市建设与社会变革[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1995.
SHI Mingzheng. Modernization of the Beijing City- city construction and social transformation[M]．Beijing: Peking University Press, 1995.
[5]王亚男. 1900—1949北京的城市规划与建设研究[M]．南京：东南大学出版社，2008.
WANG Yanan. Study on urban planning and construction of Beijing 1900-1949[M]．Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2008.
[6]边兰春. 北京旧城保护的整体性城市设计研究[D]．北京：清华大学，2010.
BIAN Lanchun, An integrated urban design approach protecting the old city of Beijing[D]．Bejing: Tsinghua University, 2010.
[7]北京市规划委员会．北京旧城25片历史文化保护区保护规划[M]．北京：北京燕山出版社，2002.
Beijing Municipal City Planning Commission. Conservation planning of 25 historic areas in Beijing Old City[M]．Beijing: Beijing Yanshan Press, 2000.
[8]北京城市战略定位与产业空间规律研究．北京城市总体规划修编（2004-2020）专题报告[R].2004.
Beijing City Strategic Orientation and Industrial Space Pattern Study. Special report: revision of Beijing City master planning (2004—2020)[R]. 2004.
[9]边兰春，等. 北京旧城人口疏解与文化重建研究[R]. 北京市哲学社会科学研究课题，2014.
BIAN Lanchun, et al. Study of Beijing Old City population redistribution and cultural reconstruction[R]. Beijing Philosophy and Social Science Research Subject, 2014.
[10]边兰春，等. 北京旧城土地利用与产业发展研究报告[R]. 2010.
BIAN Lanchun, et al. Study of Beijing Old City land use and industrial development[R]. 2010