生活圈视角下家庭生活行为的特征及空间评价——以上海市为例
The Characteristics of Family Life Behaviors and the Spatial Evaluation from the Perspective of Circle of Everyday Activities: A Case Study of Shanghai
朱 玮
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 副教授，博士生导师 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 数字规划技术研究中心 主任研究员
翟宝昕（通信作者）
西北大学城市与环境学院 讲师，博士 zhaibaoxin@nwu.edu.cn
摘要: 生活圈规划已成为均等配置公共资源、保证居民生活质量的重要手段。然而，既有研究多以个人视角研究生活圈，尚未考察生活圈与家庭生活行为的关系。面向生活圈规划应用，构建一套从认识家庭生活行为特征到评价家庭居住空间进而优化生活圈的方法。首先定义出行距离、频率和生活圈满足度3个家庭生活行为测度指标；其次构建分析家庭生活行为与生活圈设施配置关系的模型；最后形成生活圈视角下家庭居住空间的评价和生活圈优化方法。结合对上海市家庭的问卷调查数据进行应用并发现：一是不同生命阶段家庭的生活行为存在显著差异，生活圈中超市、商场、公园的数量和服务水平显著影响家庭生活行为。二是现状达到较高生活圈满足度的空间还很少，满足度由各级中心向外递减；新城中心的平均满足度优于主城副中心；新城核心区设施配置较超前，但外围缺口较大。
Abstract: This living circle planning has become an important measure to achieve equal allocation of public resources and ensure residents' quality of life. However, the existing researches mainly focus on the perspective of individuals, and have not yet investigated living circles' functions on family life behaviors. In terms of planning applications, this paper constructs a set of methods from recognizing the characteristics of family life behaviors to evaluating family living spaces and optimizing living circles, including definitions of the measurement indicators for family life behaviors (travel distance, frequency, and living circle satisfaction), a modeling method that examines the relationship between family life behaviors and facilities, a method for evaluating family living spaces, and a method for optimizing living circles. Applying the methods on the data from a questionnaire survey for Shanghai families finds: there are significant differences in family behaviors at different life stages; the quantity and the service level of supermarkets, shopping malls and parks in a living circle significantly affects family life behaviors; there are few spaces in Shanghai meeting the relatively high level of living circle satisfaction; the spatial distribution of the satisfaction decreases outwards from the city center; the average satisfaction of the new towns' centers is better than that of the central city's sub-centers; the facility provisions in the core areas of the new towns are relatively abundant, but there are large gaps in the peripheries.
关键词：生活圈；家庭；生活行为；满足度；空间评价；上海市
Keyword: living circle; family; life behavior; satisfaction; spatial evaluation; Shanghai
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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