阿姆斯特丹蓝绿屋顶项目对我国城市洪涝灾害风 险协作治理的启示
Amsterdam Blue-Green-Roof Project's Implication for China's Collaborative Urban Pluvial Flood Risk Governance
潘泽强
荷兰格罗宁根大学空间规划学院 博士研究生
张佳蕾
保利（北京）房地产开发有限公司 中国人民大学 硕士
袁 媛（通信作者）
中山大学地理科学与规划学院教授，博士生导师，博士yuanyuan@mail.sysu.edu.cn
摘要: 气候变化和快速城市化的背景下，城市洪涝风险管理是我国国土空间规划的重要内容。不同于美国、英国等国家强调个人责任的策略，荷兰与我国类似，强调政府主导应对城市洪涝灾害。近年来，荷兰地方政府通过与非政府主体协作，有效地防御了社区尺度的城市洪涝，对我国具有借鉴意义。首先介绍规划与复杂性的相互依存视角，通过政策与文献分析，梳理了荷兰洪涝风险管理政策与规划建设演变，以阿姆斯特丹的“RESILIO”（Resilience nEtwork of Smart Innovative cLImate-adapative rOoftops）蓝绿屋顶项目为例进行实地调研与访谈，分析总结荷兰社区尺度的城市洪涝风险管理经验。研究发现：尽管国家政府在洪水灾害管理中发挥主导作用，荷兰的城市洪涝风险管理因其复杂性而纳入地方议程。地方政府通过设立资金激励，与市场、社会、社区等多元主体协作制定地方策略。地方策略强调政府与多元主体的相互依存关系，建立适应社区背景的制度设计，并以提升社会韧性为目标，其政府部门间协作、鼓励社会资本及公众参与等，为我国社区规划提供借鉴。
Abstract: Managing urban pluvial flood risks have been a crucial aspect of spatial planning in China. Unlike those countries highlighted individual responsibility such as the United States and the United Kingdom, both the Netherlands and China focus on government-led approaches to urban pluvial flood risk management. Recently Dutch local governments have effectively mitigated urban pluvial flooding through active collaboration with non-governmental entities, offering valuable insights for China. Building on the concept of "interdependency", this paper examines the "RESILIO - Resilience nEtwork of Smart Innovative cLImate-adapative rOoftops" project in Amsterdam to gain insights into community-level urban flood risk management practices in the Netherlands. We conclude with three findings. Firstly, responsibilities for managing pluvial flood risk in the Netherlands lie with the municipalities because of its relations to complex local context. Secondly, through financial incentives and cooperation with market, social, and community entities, the Dutch municipalities make use of their interdependent relationship with these non-governmental stakeholders to develop better urban pluvial flood strategies. Thirdly, the Dutch urban pluvial flood strategies emphasize institutional assertiveness tailored to different community contexts. The above findings provide valuable lessons for community planning in China, including active inter-departmental collaboration within government and encouraging social capital and public participation.
关键词：城市洪涝风险管理；相互依存；多元主体参与；社区规划；蓝绿屋顶；海绵城市；荷兰
Keyword: urban pluvial flood risk management; interdependency; multi-stakeholders' engagement; community planning; blue-green roof; sponge city; the Netherlands
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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