寒地微气候影响下的住区空间形态与碳排放效应协同优化研究
Research on Synergistic Optimization of Spatial Morphology and Carbon Emission Effects of Settlements under the Influence of Cold Microclimate
李 绥
东北大学江河建筑学院 教授，博士生导师
侯凯怡
沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院 硕士研究生
周诗文
沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院 讲师，博士
孙嘉祎
沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 城市空间形态与微气候的关联性研究已经广泛应用于城市气候领域，然而由此产生对建筑碳排放效应的影响规律尚
有待进一步探讨。以严寒地区沈阳市高层住区为研究对象，建立多种微气候要素影响下的建筑碳排放耦合模型，采用
Grasshopper构建参数化平台，集成住区形态几何控制模块、微气候分析模块与碳排放模拟模块，在遗传算法支持下，
以碳排放效应最优为目标进行住区空间布局寻优求解。研究结果表明：微气候要素对单体建筑各层碳排放的影响程
度为：风速>空气温度>太阳辐射；在容积率一定情况下，形态参数对住区碳排放总量的影响程度为：建筑朝向>建筑
间距系数>围合度。根据2023年冬至日气象数据进行优化实验，获得的最优方案与原始方案对比，当日住区的CO2排放
量减少6.53 kg。研究结果可为严寒地区规划建设低碳住区提供一种量化控制设计方法。
Abstract: The correlation between urban spatial form and microclimate has been widely used in the field of urban climate, but the influence of the resulting effect on building carbon emissions needs to be further explored. In this paper, we take the high-
rise residential area of Shenyang City in the severe cold region as the research object, establish a coupling model of building
carbon emissions under the influence of various microclimate factors, use Grasshopper to build a parametric platform, integrate the geometric control module of residential morphology, microclimate analysis module and carbon emission simulation module, and with the support of genetic algorithm, the spatial layout of the settlement is optimized with the goal
of optimizing the carbon emission effect. The results show that the influence of microclimate factors on the carbon emissions
of each layer of a single building is as follows: wind speed>air temperature>solar radiation. In the case of a certain plot ratio,
the influence degree of morphological parameters on the total carbon emissions of residential areas is as follows: building orientation>building spacing coefficient>enclosure degree. According to the optimization experiment of the 2023 winter solstice daily meteorological data, the optimal scheme obtained is compared with the original scheme. The CO2 emissions
of the residential area are reduced by 6.53 kg on that day. The results of this study can provide a quantitative control design
method for the planning and construction of low-carbon settlements in severe cold areas.
关键词：微气候；碳排放；住区规划；参数化优化
Keyword: microclimate; carbon emissions; settlement planning; parametric optimization
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家 国家自然科学基金面上项目 52378027
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