远程监护设备对不同居住安排老年人健康的影响 ——基于中国老年社会追踪调查的分析
The Impact of Remote Monitoring Devices on the Health of Older Adults with Different Living Arrangements: An Analysis Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey
王春彧
重庆大学建筑城规学院 山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 副教授，硕士生导师
杜世超（通信作者）
杜世超（通信作者）
摘要: 远程监护设备通过监测老年人的体征、环境或需求，可以实现对老年人护理的远程辅助。基于中国老年社会追踪调查
（CLASS）2018年度、2020年度的2期数据，分析4 503名老年人的调查问卷结果，运用个体固定效应模型，以老年人的3种
居住安排（独居、仅与配偶同居、多代同居）作为调节变量，探究4类常见远程监护设备（智能手环/手表、居家监控摄
像头、智能一体机/音箱、智能睡眠监测）的使用对城市居家老年人健康水平的影响。结果表明，至少使用其中一种设备
即可对老年人的健康水平产生显著的提升效应。这一提升效应在独居老人群体中尤其突出，并且不同设备的影响也存
在差异。揭示远程监护设备对老年人的健康效益存在居住安排方面的异质性，为智慧养老的研究和实践提供实证依据。
Abstract: Remote monitoring devices can provide remote assistance for the care of older adults by monitoring their vital signs,
environment, or needs. Based on two sets of data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) in 2018 and
2020, this study analyzes questionnaire results from 4 503 older adults. Using an individual fixed effects model and three types of living arrangements among older adults - living alone, living with a spouse, and multi-generational cohabitation - as
moderators, the study explores the impact of four common types of remote monitoring devices - smart wristbands/watches,
home surveillance cameras, smart screens/speakers, and smart sleep monitors - on the health levels of urban older adults. The results show that using at least one type of device could significantly improve the health levels of older adults. This improvement effect is particularly significant among those who live alone, and there are also differences in the effects of different devices. The study reveals heterogeneity in the health benefits of remote monitoring devices for older adults based
on their living arrangements and provides empirical evidence for research and practice in smart aging care.
关键词：智慧养老；远程监护设备；居住安排；老年健康；空巢老人；独居老人
Keyword: smart aging care; remote monitoring devices; living arrangements; geriatric health; empty nesters; older adults living al
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家 国家自然科学基金 52308010
重庆市 重庆市建设科技计划项目 字2023第6-7号
陈卫，段媛媛. 中国老年人的空巢时间有多长？[J]. 人口研究，2017，41（5）：3-15.
CHEN Wei, DUAN Yuanyuan. Empty-nest life expectancy of the Chinese elderly: a multi-state life table analysis[J]. Population Research, 2017, 41(5): 3-15.
陶涛，金光照，郭亚隆. 中国老年家庭空巢化态势与空巢老年群体基本特征[J]. 人口研究，2023，47（1）：58-71.
TAO Tao, JIN Guangzhao, GUO Yalong. Empty-nest elderly households in China: trends and patterns[J]. Population Research, 2023, 47(1): 58-71.
国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室.中国人口普查年鉴-2020[M]. 北京：中国统计出版社，2022.
Office of the Leading Group Office for the Seventh National Census of the State Council. China population census yearbook - 2020[M]. Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House, 2022.
张广利，瞿枭. 城市高龄空巢老人特殊需求分析[J]. 华东理工大学学报（社会科学版），2011，26（1）：8-17.
ZHANG Guangli, QU Xiao. An analysis of the special needs of the elderly empty-nest citizens[J].Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 2011, 26(1):8-17.
KHARICHA K, ILIFFE S, HARARI D, et al. Health risk appraisal in older people 1: are older people living alone an 'at-risk' group?[J]. British Journal of General Practice, 2007, 57(537): 271-276.
刘一伟. 居住方式影响了老年人的健康吗？——来自中国老年人的证据[J]. 人口与发展，2018，24（4）：77-86.
LIU Yiwei. Does the lifestyle affect the health of the elderly? Evidence from older people in China[J]. Population and Development, 2018,
24(4): 77-86.
LI D L W, ZHANG J, LIANG J. Health among the oldest-old in China: which living arrangements make a difference. Social Science Medicine,2009, 68(2): 220-227.
CHEN F, SHORT S E. Household context and subjective well-being among the oldest old in China[J]. Journal of Family Issues, 2008, 29(10):1379-1403.
李春华，李建新. 居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险的影响[J]. 人口学刊，2015，37（3）：102-112.
LI Chunhua, LI Jianxin. Changes of living arrangements and elderly mortality risk[J].Population Journal, 2015, 37(3): 102-112.
任强，唐启明. 中国老年人的居住安排与情感健康研究[J]. 中国人口科学，2014（4）：82-91.
REN Qiang, TANG Qiming. Research on the living arrangements and emotional health of elderly people in China[J]. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, 2014(4): 82-91.
穆滢潭，原新. 居住安排对居家老年人精神健康的影响——基于文化情境与年龄的调解效应[J].南方人口，2016，31（1）：71-80.
MU Yingtan, YUAN Xin. The effect of living arrangement on the elder's mental health in the perspective of mediation effect of culture situation and age[J]. South China Population, 2016, 31(1): 71-80.
董晓芳，刘茜. 高堂在，不宜远居吗？——基于CHARLS数据研究子女居住安排对父母健康的影响[J]. 中国经济问题，2018（5）：38-54.
DONG Xiaofang, LIU Qian. Does the children living arrangement affect parents health Evidence from China[J]. Economic Issues in China, 2018(5):38-54.
王小荣，刘也，贾巍杨. 社区智慧居家养老系统构建模式研究——天津市既有社区虚拟平台建设探讨[J]. 建筑学报，2020（s1）：56-59.
WANG Xiaorong, LIU Ye, JIA Weiyang. Research on the construction model of community smart home-based care system for the elderly: about the construction of virtual platforms in existing communities in Tianjin[J]. Architectural Journal, 2020(s1): 56-59.
马妍，许巍，高晓路. 智能监护系统对居家养老安全感影响的调节效应研究[J]. 上海城市规划，2023（5）：126-132.
MA Yan, XU Wei, GAO Xiaolu. The moderating effect of the intelligent monitoring system on the sense of security in home care[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2023(5): 126-132.
马捷，李璐，耿寒冰，等. 智慧居家养老服务三级应急响应信息协同体系构建[J]. 图书情报工作，2019，63（15）：33-43.
MA Jie, LI Lu, GENG Hanbing, et al. Construction of three-level emergency response information collaboration system of smart home-based care service for the elderly[J]. Library and Information Service, 2019, 63(15): 33-43.
杨子晴，谢红珍，韩炜，等. 社区老年人非接触式生命体征监测仪使用影响因素研究[J]. 护理研究，2021，35（22）：4079-4083.
YANG Ziqing, XIE Hongzhen, HAN Wei, et al. Research on influencing factors of using non-contact vital signs monitor for elderly in
community[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2021, 35(22): 4079-4083.
王春彧，周燕珉. 养老设施智能化系统的现存问题与设计要点[J]. 建筑技艺，2020，26（8）：112-114.
WANG Chunyu, ZHOU Yanmin. Existing problems and design key points of the intelligent system of elderly care facilities[J]. Architecture Technique, 2020, 26(8): 112-114.
翟振武，杜鹏，张文娟. 中国老龄社会的数据、事实与分析[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2021.
ZHAI Zhenwu, DU Peng, ZHANG Wenjuan. Data, facts, and analysis about aging society in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2021.
李建新，刘保中. 健康变化对中国老年人自评生活质量的影响——基于CLHLS数据的固定效应模型分析[J]. 人口与经济，2015（6）：1-11.
LI Jianxin, LIU Baozhong. The effect of health changes on self-reported quality of life of the elderly in China: fixed effects model analysis based on CLHLS data[J]. Population & Economics,2015(6): 1-11
MADDOX G L, DOUGLASS E B. Selfassessment of health: a longitudinal study of elderly subjects[J]. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1973, 14(1): 87-93.
BOSWORTH H B, SIEGLER I C, BRUMMETT B H, et al. The relationship between self-rated health and health status among coronary artery patients[J]. Journal of Aging and Health, 1999, 11(4): 565-584.
王兰，张苏榕，杨秀. 建成环境满意度对乡村新型社区居民自评健康的影响分析——以成都市远郊4个社区为例[J]. 风景园林，2020，27（9）：57-62.
WANG Lan, ZHANG Surong, YANG Xiu. Impacts of built environment satisfaction on self-rated health outcomes in new types of village communities: a case study of four communities in Chengdu outskirts[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2020, 27(9): 57-62.
王成，李东阳，周玉萍. 社区智慧养老服务供给——责任网络、现实约束与机制构建[J]. 人口与经济，2023（1）：120-138.
WANG Cheng, LI Dongyang, ZHOU Yuping. The supply of community-based smart elderly care services: responsibility network, realistic constraints and mechanism construction[J]. Population & Economics, 2023(1): 120-138.
