面向社区生活圈的行为—设施时空匹配度评价——以南京市中心城区为例
Evaluating the Spatio-temporal Match of Behaviors and Facilities for Community Life Circle: A Case Study of Nanjing Central Urban Area
王 星
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
张姗琪（通信作者）
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室 助理教授，硕士生导师
甄 峰
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 副院长，教授，博士生导师
沈丽珍
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 副系主任，副教授，硕士生导师
摘要: 从居民日常行为视角评估设施供需关系，是诊断生活圈范围内设施布局不合理问题的重要手段。已有研究主要从空间
视角入手，较少考虑时间维度上的动态变化。基于居民行为活动差异进行时间段划分，利用POI数据和手机信令数据，提
出一种面向社区生活圈的行为—设施时空匹配度评价思路，并以南京市中心城区为例进行研究。结果表明：尽管空间维
度上设施供给、居民活动表现为显著的正相关，但时间维度上，二者出现明显的时空分异，部分时间段出现匹配错位情
况。提出既可评估设施布局和居民活动的空间匹配模式，也可反映时间维度变化的方法，更综合地识别设施供需匹配上
存在的问题，从而支撑设施时空配置和居民活动引导的策略。
Abstract: From the perspective of residents' daily behavior, assessing the matching relationship between public service facilities and residents' needs is an important means of diagnosing the unreasonable layout of facilities within the living circle. Existing researches mainly start from a spatial perspective, without considering the dynamic changes in the time dimension. Based on the differences in residents' behaviors and activities, this study divides the time period, uses POI data and mobile phone signaling data to put forward an evaluation idea of behavior facility spatio-temporal matching degree oriented to the community life circle, and takes Nanjing central urban area as an example to conduct an empirical study. The results show that although the supply of facilities and residents' activities are significantly positively correlated in the spatial dimension, there are obvious spatio-temporal differences between the two and matching dislocation occurs in some time periods in the time dimension. The proposed method can not only evaluate the spatial match mode of facility layout and residents' activities, but also reflect the changes in the time dimension, and then more comprehensively identify the problems in the match of facility supply and demand, and support the strategies of spatio-temporal configuration of facilities and residents' activities guidance.
关键词：社区生活圈；时空行为；设施开放情况；供需匹配；POI数据；手机信令数据
Keyword: community life circle; spatio-temporal behavior; opening hours of facilities; matching of supply and demand; POI data; mobile phone signaling data
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家 国家自然科学基金项目 52008201
自然资源部 自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室开放课题 20220306
柴彦威，李春江. 城市生活圈规划：从研究到实践[J]. 城市规划，2019，43（5）：9-16.
CHAI Yanwei, LI Chunjiang. Urban life circle planning: from research to practice[J]. City Planning Review, 2019, 43(5): 9-16.
柴彦威，于一凡，王慧芳，等. 学术对话：从居住区规划到社区生活圈规划[J]. 城市规划，2019，
43（5）：23-32.
CHAI Yanwei, YU Yifan, WANG Huifang, et al. Academic dialogue: from residential area planning to community life cycle planning[J]. City Planning Review, 2019, 43(5): 23-32.
湛东升，张文忠，张娟锋，等. 北京市公共服务设施集聚中心识别分析[J]. 地理研究，2020，39（3）：554-569.
ZHAN Dongsheng, ZHANG Wenzhong, ZHANG Juanfeng, et al. Identifying urban public service facilities centers in Beijing[J]. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(3): 554-569.
王兰，李潇天，杨晓明. 健康融入15分钟社区生活圈：突发公共卫生事件下的社区应对[J]. 规划师，2020，36（6）：102-106.
WANG Lan, LI Xiaotian, YANG Xiaoming. Health in 15-minute life sphere: community response to public health emergency[J]. Planners, 2020, 36(6): 102-106.
柴彦威，李春江，张艳. 社区生活圈的新时间地理学研究框架[J]. 地理科学进展，2020，39（12）：1961-1971.
CHAI Yanwei, LI Chunjiang, ZHANG Yan. A new time-geography research framework of community life circle[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(12): 1961-1971.
王德，胡杨. 城市时空行为规划：概念、框架与展望[J]. 城市规划学刊，2022（1）：44-50.
WANG De, HU Yang. Urban spatial-temporal activity planning: concept, framework and prospect[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2022(1): 44-50.
魏伟，洪梦谣，谢波. 基于供需匹配的武汉市15分钟生活圈划定与空间优化[J]. 规划师，2019，35（4）：11-17.
WEI Wei, HONG Mengyao, XIE Bo. Demand-supply matching oriented 15-minute community life circle demarcation and spatial optimization,Wuhan[J]. Planners, 2019, 35(4): 11-17.
李萌. 基于居民行为需求特征的“15分钟社区生活圈”规划对策研究[J]. 城市规划学刊，2017（1）：111-118.
LI Meng. The planning strategies of a 15-minute community life circle based on behaviors of residents[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2017(1): 111-118.
傅行行，申悦. 面向社区生活圈构建的郊区居民社区依赖性研究——以上海市为例[J]. 地理科学进展，2019，38（6）：818-828.
FU Xingxing, SHEN Yue. Neighborhood attachment of suburban residents in the context of community life circle construction: a case study in Shanghai[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(6): 818-828.
黄瓴，明峻宇，赵畅，等. 山地城市社区生活圈特征识别与规划策略[J]. 规划师，2019，35（3）：11-17.
HUANG Ling, MING Junyu, ZHAO Chang, et al. The character analysis and planning strategy of community life circle in mountainous cities[J].Planners, 2019, 35(3): 11-17.
萧敬豪，周岱霖，胡嘉佩. 基于决策树原理的社区生活圈测度与评价方法——以广州市番禺区
为例[J]. 规划师，2018，34（3）：91-96.
XIAO Jinghao, ZHOU Dailin, HU Jiapei. Measurement and evaluation method of community life-cycle based on decision tree theory: Panyu District of Guangzhou[J]. Planners, 2018, 34(3): 91-96.
吴夏安，徐磊青，仲亮. 《城市居住区规划设计标准》中15分钟生活圈关键指标讨论[J]. 规划师，2020，36（8）：33-40.
WU Xia'an, XU Leiqing, ZHONG Liang. Key indicators of 15-minute life cycle in the Standard for Urban Residential Area Planning and Design[J].Planners, 2020, 36(8): 33-40.
刘正兵，张超，戴特奇. 北京多种公共服务设施可达性评价[J]. 经济地理，2018，38（6）：77-84.
LIU Zhengbing, ZHANG Chao, DAI Teqi. Measuring accessibility of multi-type urban public service facilities with entropy in Beijing[J]. Economic Geography, 2018, 38(6): 77-84.
周岱霖，黄慧明. 供需关联视角下的社区生活圈服务设施配置研究——以广州为例[J]. 城市发
展研究，2019，26（12）：1-5.
ZHOU Dailin, HUANG Huiming. Community life cycle public facility configuration study based on demand-supply correlation: a case study of Guangzhou[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2019,26(12): 1-5.
赵万民，方国臣，王华. 生活圈视角下的住区适老化步行空间体系构建[J]. 规划师，2019，35（17）：69-78.
ZHAO Wanmin, FANG Guochen, WANG Hua. Creating a senior friendly pedestrian space system from life circle viewpoint[J]. Planners, 2019,35(17): 69-78.
赵鹏军，罗佳，胡昊宇. 基于大数据的生活圈范围与服务设施空间匹配研究——以北京为例[J]. 地理科学进展，2021，40（4）：541-553.
ZHAO Pengjun, LUO Jia, HU Haoyu. Spatial match between residents' daily life circle and public service facilities using big data analytics: a case of Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(4): 541-553.
HAGERSTRAND T. What about people in regional science?[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 1986, 24(1): 143-158.
端木一博，柴彦威. 社区设施供给与居民需求的时空间匹配研究——以北京清上园社区为例[J]. 地域研究与开发，2018，37（6）：76-81.
DUANMU Yibo, CHAI Yanwei. Space-time matching between community facilities and resident's demand: a case of Qingshangyuan Community in Beijing[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2018, 37(6): 76-81.
柴彦威，申悦，肖作鹏，等. 时空间行为研究动态及其实践应用前景[J]. 地理科学进展，2012，31（6）：667-675.
CHAI Yanwei, SHEN Yue, XIAO Zuopeng, et al. Review for space-time behavior research: theory frontiers and application in the future[J]. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(6): 667-675.
邹思聪，张姗琪，甄峰. 基于居民时空行为的社区日常活动空间测度及活力影响因素研究——以南京市沙洲、南苑街道为例[J]. 地理科学进
展，2021，40（4）：580-596.
ZOU Sicong, ZHANG Shanqi, ZHEN Feng. Measurement of community daily activity space and influencing factors of vitality based on residents' spatiotemporal behavior: taking Shazhou and Nanyuan Streets in Nanjing as examples[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(4): 580-596.
塔娜，柴彦威. 时间地理学及其对人本导向社区规划的启示[J]. 国际城市规划，2010，25（6）：36-39.
TA Na, CHAI Yanwei. Time geography and its enlightenments to the human-oriented community planning[J]. Urban Planning International, 2010, 25(6): 36-39.
农昀，周素红，解利剑. 西雅图社区规划的编制、实施机制及其启示[J]. 规划师，2013，29（3）：103-108.
NONG Yun, ZHOU Suhong, XIE Lijian. Seattle community planning compilation and implementation[J]. Planners, 2013, 29(3): 103-108.
JRV O, TENKANEN H, SALONEN M, et al. Dynamic cities: location-based accessibility modelling as a function of time[J]. Applied Geography, 2018(95): 101-110.
WANG Y, CHEN B Y, YUAN H, et al. Measuring temporal variation of location-based accessibility using space-time utility perspective[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2018, 73: 13-24.
LEE W K, SOHN S Y, HEO J. Utilizing mobile phone-based floating population data to measure the spatial accessibility to public transit[J]. Applied Geography, 2018(92): 123-130.
傅行行，甄峰，罗桑扎西. 城市访客活动时空分布特征及其影响因素研究——以南京为例[J]. 现代城市研究，2023（2）：71-78.
FU Xingxing, ZHEN Feng, LUO Sangzhaxi. Analyzing the spatial characteristics and the influence factors of city visitors' activity: a case
study of Nanjing[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2023(2): 71-78.
WU X, CHENG C, ZURITA-MILLA R, et al. An overview of clustering methods for georeferenced time series: from one-way clustering to
co- and tri-clustering[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2020(3): 1-27.
WIDENER M J, FARBER S, NEUTENS T, et al. Using urban commuting data to calculate a spatiotemporal accessibility measure for food
environment studies[J]. Health & Place, 2013, 21: 1-9.
程敏，连月娇. 基于改进潜能模型的城市医疗设施空间可达性——以上海市杨浦区为例[J]. 地理科学进展，2018，37（2）：266-275.
CHENG Min, LIAN Yuejiao. Spatial accessibility of urban medical facilities based on improved potential model: a case study of Yangpu District in Shanghai[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(2): 266-275.
陈建国，周素红，柳林，等. 交通拥堵对急救医疗服务时空可达性的影响——以广州市为例[J].地理科学进展，2016，35（4）：431-439.
CHEN Jianguo, ZHOU Suhong, LIU Lin, et al. Estimating the effect of traffic congestion on accessibility to emergency medical care services: take Guangzhou as an example[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016, 35(4): 431-439.
CHENG J, BERTOLINI L. Measuring urban job accessibility with distance decay, competition and diversity[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2013, 30(3): 100-109.
ANSELIN L, SYABRI I, KHO Y. GeoDa: an introduction to spatial data analysis[J]. Geographical Analysis, 2005, 38(1): 5-22.
陈彦光. 基于Moran统计量的空间自相关理论发展和方法改进[J]. 地理研究，2009，28（6）：1449-1463.
CHEN Yanguang. Reconstructing the mathematical process of spatial autocorrelation based on Moran's statistics[J]. Geographical Research, 2009, 28(6): 1449-1463.
