“反公地悲剧”视角下的社区更新方法探索
Community Regeneration under the Perspective of Anticommons
秦梦迪
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生
童 明
东南大学建筑学院教授，博士生导师
肖 扬
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院长聘教授，博士生导师
摘要: 社区中不仅存在空间资源过度利用的“公地悲剧”，也存在空间资源利用不足的“反公地悲剧”，但对社区中的反公地问题及其解决路径目前还缺少深入的研究。从反公地悲剧的视角出发，解释社区更新中不同类型的反公地问题，指出产权治理是克服反公地悲剧的核心途径，可以促进社区空间资源的有效利用。在上海市徐汇区华富社区更新的案例中，探索了基于产权治理的社区更新方法，碎片化空间低效利用的反公地问题被识别出来，并通过产权治理将更新权、使用权和运营权进行整合，实现碎片化空间的统筹利用，为当地居民和单位提供了更优质的公共空间和公共服务，党建引领的基层民主协商强化了互信关系和集体意识，促进了产权主体之间的协作，但空间增值利益在产权主体之间的再分配机制仍相对模糊，对集体共识的达成产生了负面影响。
Abstract: There exists not only the tragedy of the commons caused by the overutilization of space resources, but also the tragedy of the anticommons caused by the underutilization of space resources in the neighborhood. However, there is a lack of research on the problem of the latter. From the perspective of the anticommons, this paper explains the legal anticommons and spatial anticommons in community regeneration, and points out that property right governance would be the core way to overcome the tragedy of the anticommons, and to improve the utilization efficiency of space resources. The case of Huafu Community regeneration project in Shanghai Xuhui District explores the method based on property rights governance. The anticommons problem of inefficient use of fragmented space is identified, and the rights to renew, to use, and to operate are combined through property rights governance, integrating the fragmented space and providing better public space and public services for local residents and enterprises. The grass-roots democratic consultation strengthens the relationship of mutual trust and collective consciousness, and promotes cooperation among stakeholders. However, at present, the redistribution mechanism of spatial value-added interests among property owners is still relatively vague, which has a negative impact on the collective consensus.
关键词：社区更新；反公地悲剧；产权整合；基层民主协商
Keyword: community regeneration; tragedy of the anticommons; property rights integration; grass-roots democratic consultation
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目 中国全球城市绿色绅士化研究：测度、机制和效应 42371247
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