日本收缩型中小城市的规划应对与空间优化研究

Planning Response and Spatial Optimization of Medium-sized and SmallShrinking Cities in Japan

栾志理
聊城大学地理与环境学院讲师

康建军
聊城大学地理与环境学院聊城大学黄河学研究院副教授

摘要: 城镇化进程中不同城市区域发展分化造成部分中小城市出现人口净流出和经济衰退等收缩表征,探索收缩型中小城市的空间形态调整和空间优化策略成为当前中国高质量发展阶段的重要课题。针对日本圈层收缩型城市青森市和星状收缩型城市富山市所推动的紧凑型城市空间重构和规划策略进行分析研究,为将来抑或延续日本类似发展轨迹的中国收缩型中小城市国土空间规划的调整方向和优化策略提出有益启示:(1)激发城市中心城区活力再生,将其打造成为多样化高级化城市功能高密度集聚整合的活力中枢;(2)通过城市环线遏制城区无序蔓延,推动城市空间内涵提升式的高质量发展;(3)通过公共交通引导城市收缩规划,建构“节点化+网络化”的紧凑型国土空间结构。

Abstract: This paper attempts to conduct an analysis on the compact city planning of the circle-layer model shrinking Aomori City and the star-shaped model shrinking Toyama City, and consequently put forward some key planning strategies for small and medium-sized shrinking cities in China. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) In order to make the urban central area an economic development center of urban revitalization and vitality regeneration, it is important to attract diversified high-level urban functions and populations to the urban central area. (2) In order to promote high-quality development of urban space, it is important to curb urban sprawl by urban ring roads. (3) Shrinking cities should conduct compact territory spatial planning with transit nodes and transit networks.

关键词:收缩城市;圈层收缩;星状收缩;规划应对;空间优化

Keyword: shrinking city; circle-layer shrinkage; star-shaped shrinkage; planning response; spatial optimization

中图分类号:TU984

文献标识码: A

资金资助

聊城大学人文社科科研基金项目 济南都市圈收缩城市的形成机制、转型策略与协同发展 321021926

吴康,戚伟. 收缩型城市:认知误区、统计甄别与测算反思[J]. 地理研究,2021,40(1):213-229.
WU Kang, QI Wei. Shrinking cities: misunderstandings, identifications and reflections[J].Geographical Research, 2021, 40(1): 213-229.
杨东峰,龙瀛,杨文诗,等. 人口流失与空间扩张:中国快速城市化进程中的城市收缩悖论[J].现代城市研究,2015(9):20-25.
YANG Dongfeng, LONG Ying, YANG Wenshi, et al. Losing population with expanding space: paradox ofurban shrinkage in China[J]. Modern Urban Research,2015(9): 20-25.
周恺,钱芳芳. 收缩城市:逆增长情景下的城市发展路径研究进展[J]. 现代城市研究,2015(9):2-13.
ZHOU Kai, QIAN Fangfang. Shrinking city: on searching for urban development in non-growingscenarios[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2015(9): 2-13.
栾志理,栾志贤. 城市收缩时代的适应战略和空间重构——基于日本网络型紧凑城市规划[J]. 热带地理,2019,39(1):37-49.
LUAN Zhili, LUAN Zhixian. Adaptation strategies and spatial reorganizations of city shrinkage era: focus on compact and network city planning in Japan[J].Tropical Geography, 2019, 39(1): 37-49.
高舒琦. 收缩城市研究综述[J]. 城市规划学刊,2015,37(3):44-49.
GAO Shuqi. A review of researches on shrinking cities[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2015, 37(3): 44-49.
杨东峰,殷成志. 如何拯救收缩的城市:英国老工业城市转型经验及启示[J]. 国际城市规划,2013,28(6):50-56.
YANG Dongfeng, YIN Chengzhi. How to save the shrinking cities: old industrial cities' transition in theUK[J]. Urban Planning International, 2013, 28(6): 50-56.
杨振山,孙艺芸. 城市收缩现象、过程与问题[J]. 人文地理,2015,30(4):6-10.
YANG Zhenshan, SUN Yiyun. City shrinking:phenomenon, progress and problems[J]. HumanGeography, 2015, 30(4): 6-10.
马佐澎,李诚固,张婧,等. 发达国家城市收缩现象及其对中国的启示[J]. 人文地理,2016,31(2):13-17.
MA Zuopeng, LI Chenggu, ZHANG Jing, et al. Urbanshrinkage in developed countries and its implicationsfor China[J]. Human Geography, 2016, 31(2): 13-17.
陈川,罗震东,何鹤鸣. 小城镇收缩的机制与对策研究进展及展望[J]. 现代城市研究,2016(2):23-28.
CHEN Chuan, LUO Zhendong, HE Heming. The progress of the research on the shrinkage of small towns: mechanism and countermeasures[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2016(2): 23-28.
赵中枢,董卫,李立勋,等. 学术对话集锦[J]. 城市规划,2018(3):102-108.
ZHAO Zhongshu, DONG Wei, LI Lixun, et al. Acollection of annual reference dialogues[J]. City Planning Review, 2018(3): 102-108.
张贝贝,李志刚. “收缩城市”研究的国际进展与启示[J]. 城市规划,2017,41(10):103-108.
ZHANG Beibei, LI Zhigang. Shrinking cities:international progresses and implications for China[J].City Planning Review, 2017, 41(10): 103-108.
刘凤豹,朱喜钢,陈蛟,等. 城市收缩多维度、多尺度量化识别及成因研究——以转型期中国东北地区为例[J]. 现代城市研究,2018(7):37-46.
LIU Fengbao, ZHU Xigang, CHEN Jiao, et al. The research on the quantitative identification and cause analysis of urban shrinkage from different dimensions and scale: a case study of northeast China during transformation period[J]. Modern Urban Research,2018(7): 37-46.
张伟,单芬芬,郑财贵,等. 我国城市收缩的多维度识别及其驱动机制分析[J]. 城市发展研究,2019,26(3):32-40.
ZHANG Wei, SHAN Fenfen, ZHENG Caigui, et al. Multi-dimensional identification and driving mechanism analysis of shrinking city in China[J].Urban Development Studies, 2019, 26(3): 32-40.
张京祥,冯灿芳,陈浩. 城市收缩的国际研究与中国本土化探索[J]. 国际城市规划,2017(5):1-9.
ZHANG Jingxiang, FENG Canfang, CHEN Hao. International research and China's exploration of urban shrinking[J]. Urban Planning International,2017(5): 1-9.
张明斗,曲峻熙. 城市精明收缩的空间模式、分析框架与实施路径[J]. 学习与实践,2018(12):16-25.
ZHANG Mingdou, QU Junxi. City's shrewd contraction: spatial mode reference, analytical framework and implementation path[J]. Study and Practice, 2018(12): 16-25.
周恺,涂婳,戴燕归. 国土空间规划下城市收缩与复兴中的空间形态调整[J]. 经济地理,2021,41(4):212-220.
ZHOU Kai, TU Hua, DAI Yangui. Spatial adjustment of shrinking cities in the territorial spatial planning[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(4): 212-220.
海道清信. 紧凑型城市的规划与设计[M]. 苏利英,译. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
HOKKAIDO K. Planning and design for compactcity[M]. SU Liying, translate. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010.
MARTINEZ-FERNANDEZ C, AUDIRAC I,FOL S, et al. Shrinking cities: urban challenges of globalization[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2012, 36(2): 213-225.
TUROK I, MYKHNENKO V. The trajectories of European cities, 1960-2005[J]. Cities, 2007, 24(3):165-182.
王瓒玮. 应对收缩:少子老龄时代日本地方城市振兴策略[J]. 世界知识,2019(23):21-23.
WANG Zanwei. Coping shrinkage: revival strategies of Japan local cities in the era of low-replacement and population aging[J]. World Affairs, 2019(23): 21-23.
青森市. 青森市城市总体规划[R/OL]. [2020-08-18]. https://www.city.aomori.aomori.jp/toshi-seisaku/shiseijouhou/matidukuri/toshikeikaku/documents/tosimasu_hyousi-1syou.pdf.
张明斗,刘奕,曲峻熙. 收缩型城市的分类识别及高质量发展研究[J]. 郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2019,52(5):47-51.
ZHANG Mingdou, LIU Yi, QU Junxi. Classification and identification of shrinking cities and research on high-quality development[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University, 2019, 52(5): 47-51.
栾志理,朴鍾澈. 从日、韩低碳型生态城市探讨相关生态城规划实践[J]. 城市规划学刊,2013(2):46-56.
LUAN Zhili, PARK J C. Assessment of Sino Singapore Tianjin eco-city planning based on experience of low-carbon eco-city development in Japan and South Korea[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2013(2): 46-56.
青森市. 青森市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. [2020-10-20]. https://www.city.aomori.aomori.jp/toshi-seisaku/shiseijouhou/matidukuri/toshikeikaku/rittitekiseika.html.
富山市都市整备部都市政策科. 立地适正化计划[R/OL]. (2017-02-09)[2020-09-18]. http://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/data/open/cnt/3/14081/1/rittitekiseikakeikakusakutei.pdf.
富山市. 富山中心城区市街地活性化基本计划[EB/OL]. (2018-08-10)[2020-11-12]. http://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/data/open/cnt/3/2332/1/toyamatyukatsukeikaku20180810.pdf.
刘泉,钱征寒,赖亚妮. 公交引导收缩——TOD视角下的日本选址优化规划方法解读[J]. 国际城市规划,2021(2):40-49.
LIU Quan, QIAN Zhenghan, LAI Yani. Transit oriented shrinkage: planning methods of location optimization plan in Japan from the perspective of TOD[J]. Urban Planning International, 2021(2): 40-49.

微信扫一扫
关注“上海城市规划”
公众号