上海里弄保护更新策略研究：类型价值、认知维度与技术路径
Study on Conservation Renewal Strategy of Shanghai Lilong: Type Value,Cognitive Dimension and Technological Path
赵宝静
上海市城市规划设计研究院副院长，正高级工程师
葛 岩（通信作者）
上海市城市规划设计研究院 历史文化名城保护规划研究中心 副主任
金 山
上海市城市规划设计研究院详细规划分院 总工程师，高级工程师，博士
摘要: 作为上海近代最主要的居住社区与住宅类型，里弄是上海历史文化风貌区和风貌保护街坊的主要组成部分，也是上海近代城市风貌和居民生活记忆的重要载体。保护保留730万m²里弄是上海加强风貌保护、保障民生改善、推动城市更新的重要举措。通过对里弄类型的研究与多维价值的阐述，面对当下城市更新背景下里弄街区不断消亡、原真性破坏、绅士化与社会文脉断裂等主要挑战，结合主城区里弄保护等重点对象，开展系统理论研究、全面踏勘访谈与公众参与，尝试在产权视角下用动态发展的眼光看待当下里弄保护更新，提出里弄肌理保护更新的认知维度与基本原则、里弄建筑保护更新的考量维度与类型，以及里弄街区的功能延续、业态多样性与适应性策略，结合城市设计方法建立GIS数据平台，形成“一街坊一图册”，支撑管理部门保护更新政策的制定，以期为后续里弄保护更新提供思路与方法参考。
Abstract: As the most important residential community and residential type in modern Shanghai, Lilong is the main component of historic and cultural districts and style protection neighborhoods in Shanghai. It is also an important carrier of Shanghai's modern cityscape and residents' living memory. The protection and preservation of 7.3 million m² of Lilongs is an important measure for Shanghai to strengthen the protection of style and features, ensure the improvement of people's livelihood and promote urban renewal. Based on the study of the type of Lilong and the multi-dimensional value statement and based on the main challenges in the context of the current urban renewal, such as Lilong neighborhoods' disappearance, destruction of authenticity, gentrification and rupture of social context, this paper conducts systematic theoretical research, comprehensive survey interviews and public participation, and tries to look at the current protection and renewal of Lilong from the perspective of property rights to put forward the cognitive dimensions and basic principles of conservation and renewal of Lilong texture, the dimensions and strategic types of conservation and renewal of Lilong buildings, and the functional continuity, the diversity of business forms and adaptive strategies of Lilong district. Based on the urban design method, the GIS data platform is established to form "one neighborhood,one atlas", which supports the formulation of protection and renewal policies.
关键词：里弄；肌理；建筑；保护；更新；产权
Keyword: Lilong; texture; architecture; protection; renewal; property rights
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
王绍周，陈志敏. 里弄建筑[M]. 上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1987.
WANG Shaozhou, CHEN Zhimin. Lane architecture[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, 1987.
上海章明建筑设计事务所. 老弄堂建业里[M]. 上海：上海远东出版社，2008：21-28.
Zhang Ming Shanghai Architectural Design Office.The old lane Jian Ye Li[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai FarEast Publishing House, 2008: 21-28.
阮仪三，张晨杰，张杰，等. 上海石库门[M]. 上海：上海人民美术出版社，2014.
RUAN Yisan, ZHANG Chenjie, ZHANG Jie, etal. Shanghai Shikumen[M]. Shanghai: ShanghaiPeople's Art Publishing House, 2014.
田汉雄，宋赤民，余松杰. 上海石库门里弄房屋简史[M]. 上海：学林出版社，2018.
TIAN Hanxiong, SONG Chimin, YU Songjie. A brief history of Shanghai Shikumenli lane houses[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Press, 2018.
李彦伯. 上海里弄街区的价值[M]. 上海：同济大学出版社，2014.
LI Yanbo. Value of Lilong block in Shanghai[M].Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2014.
张晨杰. 永不消失的里弄[M]. 南京：东南大学出版社，2018.ZHANG Chenjie. The never-disappearing Lilong[M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press,2018.
刘刚. 基于城市空间演进的上海近代居住建筑类型及其谱系[J]. 建筑师，2017（5）：83-90.
LIU Gang. Residential building spectrum in earlymodern Shanghai in the context of urban spatialevolution[J]. The Architect, 2017(5): 83-90.
张松. 城市生活遗产保护传承机制建设的理念及路径——上海历史风貌保护实践的经验与挑战[J]. 城市规划学刊，2021（6）：100-108.ZHANG Song.
The idea and path of establishing the mechanism of preserving the urban living heritage: Shanghai's experience and challenges in historic townscape preservation[J]. Urban PlanningForum, 2021(6): 100-108.
邵甬，刘敏霞. “历史性城镇景观”视角下上海历史城区建筑高度控制体系和方法研究[J]. 城市规划学刊，2017（6）：105-112.
SHAO Yong, LIU Minxia. Building height control system and control method in Shanghai historic urban center from the perspective of HUL[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2017(6): 105-112.
张晨杰. 基于遗产角度的上海里弄建筑现状空间研究[J]. 城市规划学刊，2015（4）：111-118.ZHANG
Chenjie. A research of Shanghai Lilong spaces from a heritage perspective[J]. UrbanPlanning Forum, 2015(4): 111-118.
周俭，葛岩，张恺，等. 历史文化风貌区保护规划实施评估类型方法研究与实践——以上海衡山路—复兴路历史文化风貌区为例[J]. 城市规划学刊，2021（4）：26-34.
ZHOU Jian, GE Yan, ZHANG Kai, et al. Methods for evaluating conservation plan implementation in historic and cultural areas: taking Shanghai Hengshan Road-Fuxing Road Historic and Cultural Area as an example[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2021(4): 26-34.
周俭，陈亚斌. 类型学思路在历史街区保护与更新中的运用——以上海老城厢方浜中路街区城市设计为例[J]. 城市规划学刊，2007（1）：61-65.
ZHOU Jian, CHEN Yabin. The practice of morphological method in the conservation and restoration of historic districts - the case of urban design in Shanghai's historic city core[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(1): 61-65.
孙施文，周宇. 上海田子坊地区更新机制研究[J].城市规划学刊，2015（1）：39-45.
SUN Shiwen, ZHOU Yu. A study on the regeneration mechanism in Tianzifang Area, Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2015(1): 39-45.
赵宝静，张灏. 上海旧区改造中的里弄风貌保护附加图则创新探讨[J]. 上海城市规划，2022（3）：94-100.
ZHAO Baojing, ZHANG Hao. A discussion on the supplementary planning code for Lilong protection in Shanghai old district renovation[J]. ShanghaiUrban Planning Review, 2022(3): 94-100.
沈华. 上海里弄民居[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993.
SHEN Hua. Shanghai Lilong residence[M]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press, 1993.
马长林. 老上海城记：弄堂里的大历史[M]. 上海：上海锦绣文章出版社，2010.
MA Changlin. The story of old Shanghai: the great history in the lane[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai JinxiuArticle Publishing House, 2010.
唐方. 都市建筑控制——近代上海公共租界建筑法规研究[M]. 南京：东南大学出版社，2009：218-220.
TANG Fang. Urban building control: a study ofmodern Shanghai International Settlements building regulations[M]. Nanjing: Southeast UniversityPress, 2009: 218-220.
寿幼森. 上海老弄堂寻踪[M]. 上海：同济大学出版社，2017.
SHOU Yousen. Old Longtang style houses ofShanghai[M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press,2017.
马学强. 上海石库门珍贵文献选辑[M]. 北京：商务印书馆，2018.
MA Xueqiang. Shanghai Shikumen preciousliterature collection[M]. Beijing: Commercial Press,2018.阮仪三，张晨杰. 上海里弄的世界文化遗产价值研究[J]. 上海城市规划，2015（5）：21-25.
RUAN Yisan, ZHANG Chenjie. Research on theworthy of the world cultural heritage of Shanghai Lilong[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2015(5):21-25.
孙施文. 公共空间的嵌入与空间模式的翻转——上海“新天地”的规划评论[J]. 城市规划，2007（8）：80-87.
SUN Shiwen. Embedding and subversion of urban space pattern: a planning review of "Xin Tian Di" inShanghai[J]. City Planning Review, 2007(8): 80-87.
徐磊青，永昌. 传统里弄保护性更新的住户满意度研究——以上海春阳里和承兴里试点为例[J].建筑学报，2021（s2）：137-143.
XU Leqing, YONG Chang. Resident satisfaction research on the conservation renewal of traditional Li-long case studies of Shanghai Chunyangli and Chengxingli[J]. Architectural Journal, 2021(s2):137-143.
邵甬，王丽丽. 产权制度下遗产保护与居住改善策略探讨——以上海公有居住类遗产为例[J]. 城市规划，2016，40（12）：73-80.
SHAO Yong, WANG Lili. Strategies for heritage conservation and living condition improvement from the perspective of property right system: a case study of public residential heritage in Shanghai[J].City Planning Review, 2016, 40(12): 73-80.
刘刚. 1958年前后上海石库门里弄社区的城市改造[J]. 新建筑，2017（6）：30-34.
LIU Gang. Urban reform of Shanghai Shi-kumen Lilong community around 1958[J]. New Architecture, 2017(6): 30-34.
