上海市创新空间的演化特征与政策启示——基于专利数据的探讨
Temporal-spatial Evolution Characteristics and Its Enlightenment on Policy of Innovation Space in Shanghai
王启轩
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校城市与区域规划系 联合培养博士研究生
许珂玮
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
程 遥（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 规划系副主任，副教授
摘要: 城市是创新活动最为集聚和频繁的地区，创新活动也是城市持续发展的主要动因之一。专利作为创新活动的重要表现成果，专利视角下城市创新空间格局的研究已经展开，但仍需进一步辨析其分类及合作演化特征。以1985年至2019年上海市专利数据为基础，分析上海市域内部的创新空间格局演化，进而根据专利所属技术领域做分类型探讨，并探索市域内部创新网络联系。首先，从创新空间的分时段格局演化看，上海市的创新空间经历了从单中心集聚到中心—外围结构形成，再到构建起以市区为核心的多级节点体系3个阶段。其次，细分发现不同技术领域创新活动的空间布局已发生结构性变化，基础型与运用型创新主体的空间演化特征存在明显差异。另外，创新合作在主体联系方面往往集中于大型企业与其独立科研中心、重点高校与相关领域公司之间，在空间拓展方面则向着长三角区域尤其是上海大都市圈内辐射。最后，基于研究发现探讨了城市创新的发展阶段、类型差异、网络构建3方面的政策启示。
Abstract: Urban innovation space is a kind of important functional space in which innovation activities are frequent and innovation subjects are gathered. At present, the research on urban innovation spatial pattern based on the patent has been launched, but it still needs to be refined. Based on the patent application database of Shanghai from 1985 to 2019, this paper analyzes the spatial pattern evolution of innovation in Shanghai, discusses the spatial differentiations according to the technical fields of patents, and explores the innovation network connections within the city. The findings are as follows: (1) From the perspective of the evolution of innovation space in different periods, Shanghai's innovation space has experienced three stages of spatial characteristics: single center in the urban center, formation of core-periphery structure, and multi-level node system with the urban center as the core; (2) It is found that the spatial distribution of innovation activities in different technology fields has undergone structural changes, and the spatial evolution characteristics between basic and applied innovation agencies are significantly different; (3) From the perspective of patent cooperation, it is found that in terms of agency connections, innovation cooperation is often concentrated between large enterprises and their independent research centers, key universities and companies in related fields, while in terms of spatial expansion, it also radiates to the Yangtze River Delta region, especially the Shanghai metropolitan area. Finally, this paper discusses the policy
implications of the development stage, spatial difference and network construction on innovation space in cities.
关键词：创新空间；专利；时空演化特征；政策启示；上海
Keyword: innovation space; patent; temporal-spatial evolution characteristics; policy enlightenment; Shanghai
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家留学基金管理委员会 国家建设高水平 大学公派研究生项目 202206260209
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