提升乡村社区韧性的规划策略探讨——以北京市北沟村为例
Planning Strategies to Enhance Resilience of Rural Communities: A Case Study of Beigou Village in Beijing
闫 琳
北京清华同衡规划设计研究院 总体四所（城乡所）所长，高级工程师，博士
麦贤敏（通信作者）
西南民族大学建筑学院 院长，教授，博士
荣 钰
北京清华同衡规划设计研究院 总体四所（城乡所）规划师，硕士
王月波
王月波 北京清华同衡规划设计研究院 总体四所（城乡所）主任工程师，硕士
摘要: 随着我国城镇化进入后半程，乡村社区面临多重复杂的挑战与自身发展需求之间的矛盾，乡村社区系统独特的自适应性与自调节性相关“社区韧性”问题引发多方关注。在乡村规划中如何提升社区韧性尚需学界深入研究与探讨。以北京市北沟村规划实践为例，通过对乡村社区韧性的概念解析与既有文献研究，提出基于生态、经济、社会和文化4个维度分析乡村社区韧性特征与变化的思路，构建提升乡村社区韧性的规划策略框架。北沟村多年规划实践表明，在乡村规划中充分尊重乡村发展的基本规律，适度保持乡村社区的复杂性与多样性，能够有效地逐步修复和提升乡村社区的综合韧性，促进乡村可持续发展。
Abstract: With the progress of urbanization in China, rural communities are facing multiple complex challenges and the contradiction among development needs. The unique adaptability and self-regulatory "community resilience" of the rural community system have attracted much attention. How to enhance community resilience in rural planning needs in-depth research and discussion.
This paper takes the planning practice of Beigou Village in Beijing as an example, studies the literature and analyzes the concept of resilience of rural communities, and proposes the idea of analyzing the characteristics and changes based on four dimensions of ecology, economy, society and culture, so as to construct a planning strategy framework for improving the resilience of rural communities. Years of planning practice in Beigou Village show that fully respecting the basic law of rural development in rural planning and appropriately maintaining the complexity and diversity can effectively gradually restore and improve the comprehensive resilience of rural communities and promote sustainable development of rural communities.
关键词：乡村；社区韧性；复杂性；规划策略
Keyword: villages; community resilience; complexity; planning strategy
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家社会科学基金重点项目 藏羌彝走廊地 带民族传统村落保护与利用研究 19AMZ011
邵亦文，徐江. 城市韧性：基于国际文献综述的概念解析[J]. 国际城市规划，2015，30（2）：48-54.
SHAO Yiwen, XU Jiang. Understanding urban resilience: a conceptual analysis based on integrated
international literature review[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015, 30(2): 48-54.
HOLLING C S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics, 1973(4): 1-23.
BERKES F, FOLKE C. Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability[M]//BERKES
F, FOLKE C. Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for
building resilience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 13-20.
WALKER B, HOLLING C S, CARPENTER S R, et al. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in
social-ecological systems[J]. Ecology and Society, 2004, 9(2): 5.
BROWND D, KULIG J C. The concepts of resiliency: theoretical lessons from community
research[J]. Health and Canadian Society, 1996, 4(1): 29-52.
ADGER W N. Social and ecological resilience: are they related?[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2000, 24(3): 347-364.
崔鹏，李德智，陈红霞，等. 社区韧性研究述评与展望：概念、维度和评价[J]. 现代城市研究，2018
（11）：119-125.
CUI Peng, LI Dezhi, CHEN Hongxia, et al. Research review and prospect of community resilience:
concept, dimension and evaluation[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2018(11): 119-125.
MCMANUS P, WALMSLEY J, ARGENT N, et al. Rural community and rural resilience: what is
important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2012, 28(1): 20-29.
SCOTT M. Resilience: a conceptual lens for rural studies?[J]. Geography Compass, 2013, 7(9): 597-
610.
BERKES F, ROSS H. Community resilience: toward an integrated approach[J]. Society and Natural
Resources, 2013, 26(1): 5-20.
MACKAY M, PETERSEN K. Rural community resilience research stock take and annotated
bibliography[R]. 2015.
CUTTER S L, ASH K D, EMRICH C T. Urban-rural differences in disaster resilience[J]. Annals of the
American Association of Geographers, 2016, 106(6): 1236-1252.
ROBERTS E, ANDERSON B A, SKERRATT S, et al. A review of the rural digital policy agenda from
a community resilience perspective[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017, 54: 285-372.
MARKANTONI M, STEINER A A, MEADOR J E. Can community interventions change resilience?
Fostering perceptions of individual and community resilience in rural place[J]. Community Development, 2019, 50(2): 238-255.
MIEHL G F. Community emergency response: have you met your neighbors yet?[J]. Professional Safety, 2001, 56(12): 35-41．
WILSON G A. Community resilience and social memory[J]. Environmental Values, 2015, 24(2): 227-
257. EISENMAN D P, GLIK D, GONZALEZ L, et al. Improving Latino disaster preparedness using
social networks[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009, 37(6): 512-517.
董晓婉，徐煜辉，李湘梅. 乡村社区韧性研究综述与应用方向探究[J]. 国际城市规划，2022，37（3）：
73-80.
DONG Xiaowan, XU Yuhui, LI Xiangmei. Rural community resilience: a literature review and
its future directions in China[J]. Urban Planning International, 2022, 37(3): 73-80.
颜文涛，卢江林. 乡村社区复兴的两种模式：韧性视角下的启示与思考[J]. 国际城市规划，2017，
32（4）：22-28.
YAN Wentao, LU Jianglin. Two models for revitalizing village: enlightenments under resilient perspective[J]. Urban Planning International, 2017, 32(4): 22-28.
魏艺. “韧性”视角下乡村社区生活空间适应性建构研究[J]. 城市发展研究，2019，26（11）：
50-57.
WEI Yi. Research on the adaptive construction of rural community living space from the perspective of "resilience"[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2019, 26(11): 50-57.
周红素. 乡村振兴背景下农村韧性社区建设：维度构建与推进策略[J]. 湖北农业科学，2022，61
（2）：117-122，142.
ZHOU Hongsu. Rural resilient community construction under the background of rural
revitalization: dimension construction and promotion strategy[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 61(2): 117-122, 142.
张雄，赵丹维. 乡村社区韧性治理机制构建的驱动力及进路[J]. 三晋基层治理，2022（4）：53-56.
ZHANG Xiong, ZHAO Danwei. The driving force and approach of building resilience governance
mechanism in rural communities[J]. Grassroots Governance in Sanjin, 2022(4): 53-56.
丁金华，尤希春. 苏南水网乡村水域环境韧性规划[J]. 规划师，2019，35（5）：60-66.
DING Jinhua, YOU Xichun. Resilient planning of rural water environment in the countryside of
southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Planners, 2019, 35(5): 60-66.
刘善崇. 韧性空间规划在山地型乡村的应用——以建德市前源村的有机农业发展为例[J]. 区域治
理，2019（42）：171-173.
LIU Shanchong. Application of resilient spatial planning in mountainous countryside: a case study of
organic agriculture development in Qianyuan Village, Jiande City[J]. Regional Governance, 2019(42): 171-173.
冀剑雄，陈稳亮. 大遗址乡村社区的韧性发展研究——以汉长安城遗址区阁老门村为例[C]//活
力城乡 美好人居——2019中国城市规划年会论文集. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2019.
JI Jianxiong, CHEN Wenliang. Study on resilience development of rural communities with large sites: a case study of Geraomen Village in Chang'an City of Han Dynasty[C]//Proceedings of 2019 China Annual National Planning Conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2019.
余妙，尹海鑫，李凌月. 演化韧性理念下乡村社区灾后重建规划策略研究——再探芦山县龙门乡
震后复建[J]. 城市发展研究，2021，28（2）：9-15.
YU Miao, YIN Haixin, LI Lingyue. An evolutionary resilience approach to post-disaster planning of
village community: revisiting post-earthquake planning practice in Longmen Village, Lushan
County[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2021, 28(2): 9-15.
王沁园，丁金华. 基于景观生态风险评价的水网乡村韧性规划——以长白荡片区为例[J]. 南方建
筑，2022（5）：10-17.
WANG Qinyuan, DING Jinhua. Rural water network resilience planning based on landscape ecological risk assessment: a case study of Changbaidang[J]. South Architecture, 2022(5): 10-17.
吴其付. 社区营造与乡村旅游社区韧性培育研究——以四川省成都市蒲江县明月村为例[J]. 旅
游研究，2022，14（1）：1-13.
WU Qifu. Research on community building and resilience cultivation of rural tourism communities:
taking Mingyue Village, Pujiang County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province as an example[J]. Tourism
Research, 2022, 14(1): 1-13.
常洁，谢萍，别小娟. 旅游驱动乡村农户生计韧性的变化及提升对策研究——兼顾不同社区参与
模式的比较[J]. 国土资源科技管理，2022，39（4）：27-39.
CHANG Jie, XIE Ping, BIE Xiaojuan. Tourismdriven changes in rural farmers' livelihood resilience
and countermeasures for improvement: considering the comparison of community-based participatory models[J]. Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources, 2022, 39(4): 27-39.
许倬云. 万古江河：中国历史文化的转折与开展[M]. 长沙：湖南人民出版社，2017.
XU Zhuoyun. The ancient rivers: the transition and development of Chinese history and culture[M].
Changsha: Hu'nan People's Publishing House, 2017.
陈茜，武联，党雨田. 传统人居环境营建中“三生”空间的内在机制与启示[J]. 城市发展研究，2022，29（3）：6-11.
CHEN Qian, WU Lian, DANG Yutian. The inherent mechanism and enlightenment of production-livingecological space in traditional human settlement environment[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2022, 29(3): 6-11.
王瑞，余侃华，武联. “文化生长”理念下传统村落空间营建策略研究——以陕西省富平县莲湖
村为例[J]. 城市建筑，2019，16（30）：75-78.
WANG Rui, YU Kanhua, WU Lian. Research on the construction strategy of traditional village
space based on the concept of "cultural growth"[J]. Urbanism and Architecture, 2019, 16(30): 75-78.
林俏. 浙江金华市传统村落的理水生态智慧研究[D]. 北京：北京林业大学，2005.
LIN Qiao. Study on water management wisdom of traditional villages in Jinhua City, Zhejiang
Province[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University,2005.
刘守英. 乡村系统与乡城转型[EB/OL]. （2022-08-31）[2023-01-15]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/
wgbcnxr3cHhOEJpsFmFLFw.
LIU Shouying. Rural system and rural-urban transformation[EB/OL]. (2022-08-31)[2023-01-15].
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wgbcnxr3cHhOEJpsFmFLFw.
