山地乡村人居环境系统韧性的空间分异机制与优化 策略——以西藏昌都为例
Spatial Differentiation Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies of Mountainous Rural Human Settlements System Resilience: A Case Study of Changdu,Tibet
田 健
天津大学建筑学院 副研究员，博士 天津城建大学建筑学院 硕士生导师
曾 坚
天津大学建筑学院 教授，博士生导师
曾穗平（通信作者）
天津城建大学建筑学院 副院长，副教授，博士
眭长清
天津城建大学建筑学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 山地乡村人居环境具有人地矛盾突出、资源配置分散、生态环境脆弱等特征，是全面实现乡村振兴战略的重难点地区。以西藏昌都为例，基于人居环境系统与韧性理论，建立“自然—产业—社会—居住—支撑”的山地乡村人居环境系统韧性测度体系，借助耦合协调模型、障碍度诊断模型和地理加权回归模型（MGWR），解析系统韧性及其耦合协调度的空间分异机制，并提出不同要素驱动下各类村庄的系统韧性优化策略。结果表明：（1）昌都乡村人居环境系统普遍呈现低韧性水平，韧性高值区与高耦合协调区均集中于城区周边与河谷地带，总体呈现“点群式”分布特征；（2）居住条件与产业发展是山地乡村人居环境系统韧性及其耦合协调度空间分异的主要驱动因子；（3）针对“失调衰退型、转型提升型、协调发展型”村庄特征提出单系统驱动提升与多系统协调优化策略，为山地乡村振兴战略实施提供参考。
Abstract: Mountainous rural human settlements are characterized by prominent human-land contradiction, scattered resource allocation and fragile ecological environment, and is a major difficulty in the comprehensive realization of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Changdu, Tibet as an example, based on the theory of human settlements system and resilience, this paper establishes the resilience
measurement system of "nature-industry-society-residence-support" for mountainous rural human settlements system, analyzes the spatial variation mechanism of system resilience and its coupling coordination degree by means of coupled coordination model, obstacle diagnostic model and Multiscale Geographic Weighted Regression (MGWR), and proposes strategies for optimizing the
system resilience of various types of villages driven by different factors. The results show that: (1) rural human settlements system in Changdu generally shows low resilience levels, with high resilience and high coupling coordination areas concentrated around urban areas and river valleys, and generally presents "point cluster" distribution characteristics. (2) Residential conditions and industrial development are the main driving forces of the spatial variation of resilience and coupling coordination of mountainous rural human settlements system. (3) For villages with characteristics of "dysfunctional and declining, transformation and upgrading, and coordinated development", this paper proposes a single-system driven upgrading and multi-system coordinated optimization strategy to provide a reference for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in mountainous areas.
关键词：山地；乡村；人居环境系统；韧性；耦合协调度
Keyword: mountain; rural; human settlements system; resilience; coupled coordination
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
天津市哲学社会科学规划项目 双循环格局下的天津乡村产业风险识别及韧性提升策略研究 TJGL21-013
王凯平，冯悦，张云路. 改革开放后乡村人居环境发展历程、逻辑与展望[J]. 城市规划，2022，46（1）：
77-86.
WANG Kaiping, FENG Yue, ZHANG Yunlu. Development process, logic, and prospect of rural human settlements after reform and opening-up[J]. City Planning Review, 2022, 46(1): 77-86.
洪惠坤，谢德体，郭莉滨，等. 多功能视角下的山区乡村空间功能分异特征及类型划分[J]. 生态学报，
2017，37（7）：2415-2427.
HONG Huikun, XIE Deti, GUO Libin, et al. Differentiation of saptial function in a mountainous
rural area from a multi-functional perspective[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(7): 2415-2427.
王成，代蕊莲，陈静，等. 乡村人居环境系统韧性的演变规律及其提升路径——以国家城乡融合发
展试验区重庆西部片区为例[J]. 自然资源学报，2022，37（3）：645-661.
WANG Cheng, DAI Ruilian, CHEN Jing, et al. Research on the evolution law and promotion pathway
of rural human settlements system resilience: a case study of Western Chongqing, a national pilot area for urban-rural integration[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(3): 645-661.
JIANG W, DENG Y, TANG Z, et al. Adaptive capacity of mountainous rural communities under restructuring to geological disasters: the case of Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47: 622-629.
邹芳，刘晨曦，陈茜露. 精准防灾导向下乡村地质灾害易发性评价及防灾策略研究——以花垣县为例
[J]. 安全与环境学报，2021，21（4）：1703-1711.
ZOU Fang, LIU Chenxi, CHEN Xilu. Improving disaster prevention accuracy of rural geological disaster
susceptibility evaluation and disaster prevention strategy: a case study of Huayuan County[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2021, 21(4): 1703-1711.
邱明丽，刘殿锋，刘耀林. 乡村韧性理论框架与测度体系[J]. 中国土地科学，2021，35（8）：107-114.
QIU Mingli, LIU Dianfeng, LIU Yaolin. Review on theoretical framework and evaluation system of rural
resilience[J]. China Land Science, 2021, 35(8): 107-114.
罗慧，刘杰，徐军昶，等. 基于熵权法的秦岭区域农村社区气候韧性评价研究[J]. 自然灾害学报，
2022，31（2）：111-118.
LUO Hui, LIU Jie, XU Junchang,et al. Evaluation on rural community climate resilience in Qinling
mountain area based on entropy method[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2022, 31(2): 111-118.
刘润秋，黄志兵，曹骞. 基于乡村韧性视角的宅基地退出绩效评估研究——以四川省广汉市三水镇为
例[J]. 中国土地科学，2019，33（2）：41-48.
LIU Runqiu, HUANG Zhibing, CAO Qian. Performance evaluation of rural residential land exit
from the perspective of rural resilience: a case of Sanshui Town, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province[J].
China Land Science, 2019, 33(2): 41-48.
QUANDT A. Measuring livelihood resilience: the household livelihood resilience approach (HLRA)[J].
World Development, 2018, 107: 253-263.
田健，曾穗平. 城市边缘区乡村产业系统风险评估与韧性格局重构——以天津市西郊乡村地区为例
[J]. 城市规划，2021，45（10）：19-30.
TIAN Jian, ZENG Suiping. Systematic risk assessment and resilient pattern reconstruction of rural industry in urban fringe areas: a case study on the wesrern suburbs of Tianjin City[J]. City Planning Review, 2021, 45(10): 19-30.
朱晏君，李红波，胡晓亮，等. 欠发达地区县域乡村社会—生态系统韧性研究——以山西省静乐县为
例[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报，2022，45（1）：11-19.
ZHU Yanjun, LI Hongbo, HU Xiaoliang, et al. Study on the resilience of rural society-ecosystem at county level in underdeveloped areas: a case of Jingle County, Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Hu'nan Normal University, 2022, 45(1): 11-19.
胡霄，李红波，李智，等. 河北省县域乡村韧性测度及时空演变[J]. 地理与地理信息科学，2021，37（3）：
89-96.
HU Xiao, LI Hongbo, LI Zhi, et al. Masurement and spation-temporal evolution of rural resilience at county level in Hebei Province[J]. Geography and GeoInformation Science, 2021, 37(3): 89-96.
王彩丽，闫绪娴. 中国乡村韧性时空分异及障碍因子诊断[J]. 经济问题，2022（10）：91-97.
WANG Caili, YAN Xuxian. Spatio-temporal variation of rural resilience in China and diagnosis of its obstacle factors[J]. On Economic Problems, 2022(10): 91-97.
雷晓康，汪静. 乡村振兴背景下农村贫困地区韧性治理的实现路径与推进策略[J]. 济南大学学报（社
会科学版），2020，30（1）：92-99.
LEI Xiaokang, WANG Jing. Implementing path and promoting strategy of resilience governance in
poverty-stricken areas under the background of rural revitalization[J]. Journal of University of Ji'nan (Social Science Edition), 2020, 30(1): 92-99.
田深圳，杨兵，李雪铭，等. 从分科知识到交叉融通的国内外人居环境综述与展望[J/OL]. 世界地
理 研 究：1-19 [2023-03-20]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1626.p.20220308.1023.004.html.
TIAN Shenzhen, YANG Bing, LI Xueming, et al. Review and prospect of human settlements on foreign and Chinese from branch knowledge to cross integration[J/OL]. World Regional Studies: 1-19 [2023-03-20]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1626.p.20220308.1023.004.html.
彭鹏，顾丹丹，周国华. 湖南省乡村人居环境脆弱性格局变化及响应指数的影响机制[J]. 经济地理，
2022，42（6）：168-178.
PENG Peng, GU Dandan, ZHOU Guohua. Spatiotemporal pattern of rural human settlement vulnerability and influencing mechanism of response index in Hu'nan Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2022, 42(6): 168-178.
吴良镛. 人居环境科学导论[M]. 北京：中国建筑工 业出版社，2001.
WU Liangyong. Introduction to sciences of human settlements[M]. Beijing: China Architecture &
Building Press, 2001.
DOXIADES C A. Action for human settlements[M].Athens: Athens Center of Ekistics, 1976.
李伯华，曾菊新，胡娟. 乡村人居环境研究进展与展望[J]. 地理与地理信息科学，2008（5）：70-74.
LI Bohua, ZENG Juxin, HU Juan. Progress and prospects on the research of rural human settlement environment[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2008(5): 70-74.
李裕瑞，曹丽哲，王鹏艳，等. 论农村人居环境整治与乡村振兴[J]. 自然资源学报，2022，37（1）：96-109.
LI Yurui, CAO Lizhe, WANG Pengyan, et al. Rural living environment improvement and rural revitalization[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(1): 96-109.
秦天天，齐伟，李云强，等. 基于生态位的山地农村居民点适宜度评价[J]. 生态学报，2012，32（16）：
5175-5183.
QIN Tiantian, QI Wei, LI Yunqiang, et al. Suitability evaluation of rural residential land based on niche
theory in mountainous area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16): 5175-5183.
熊鹰，孙维筠，魏晓，等. 南方丘陵山地生态系统服务与农村社区协同发展模式研究——以广东乐昌
市8个乡村为例[J]. 生态学报，2020，40（18）： 6505-6521.
XIONG Ying, SUN Weijun, WEI Xiao, et al. Cooperative development model of ecosystem services and rural communities in hilly-mountain of Southern China: a case study of eight villages in Lechang, Guandong Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(18): 6505-6521.
杨士弘，廖重斌. 城市生态环境学（第二版）[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2003.
YANG Shihong, LIAO Chongbin. Urban ecology and environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003.
曲衍波，张彦军，朱伟亚，等. “三生”功能视角下全域土地综合整治格局与模式研究[J]. 现代城市研
究，2021（3）：33-39.
QU Yanbo, ZHANG Yanjun, ZHU Weiya, et al. Pattern and mode of comprehensive land consolidation
from the perspective of production-life-ecological function[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2021(3): 33-39.
徐维祥，李露，周建平，等. 乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调的动态演进及其驱动机制[J]. 自然资源学
报，2020，35（9）：2044-2062.
XU Weixiang, LI Lu, ZHOU Jianping, et al. The dynamic evolution and its driving mechanism of coordination of rural rejuvenation and new urbanization[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(9): 2044-2062.
田健，曾穗平. 城乡资源配置视角下西藏城镇化路径重构与国土空间规划响应[J]. 城市规划学刊，
2021（6）：78-85.
TIAN Jian, ZENG Suiping. Reconstructing the urbanization path: responses to territorial spatial planning in Tibet from the perspective of urban-rural resource allocation[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2021(6): 78-85.
