寒地乡村韧性提升与规划响应路径
Resilience Improvement and Planning Response Paths in Cold Rural Areas
袁 青
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复 重点实验室 教授,博士生导师
曲涵嘉
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复 重点实验室 博士研究生
冷 红(通信作者)
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复 重点实验室 教授,博士生导师
摘要: 随着城镇化高速发展,乡村地区面临各种风险与挑战。在生态文明和乡村振兴战略背景下,研究乡村韧性,即乡村主动
适应和调节外部风险的能力,有助于准确认知乡村现状并及时采取规划应对措施,促进乡村可持续发展。以东北地区为
例,对寒地乡村韧性进行剖析,研究乡村的生态韧性、经济韧性、社会韧性、文化韧性和工程韧性等5个韧性构成及存在
问题。进一步分析韧性提升的意义和影响因素,并探讨寒地乡村韧性提升的规划响应路径,将韧性提升融入国土空间规
划,以期为国土空间治理提供科学的理论依据与方法支撑。
Abstract: Due to the rapid development of urbanization, rural areas face various risks and challenges. Under the background of ecological civilization and rural revitalization strategy, the study of rural resilience is mainly about the ability of rural areas to actively adapt to and adjust to external risks, which is helpful to accurately understand the current situation of rural areas and take timely planning measures to promote sustainable development of rural areas. This paper takes Northeast China as an
example to analyze the resilience of cold rural areas, and studies the five resilience components and existing problems of rural areas, including ecological resilience, economic resilience, social resilience, cultural resilience and engineering resilience. It further analyzes the significance and impact factors of resilience improvement, explores the planning response paths of resilience improvement of cold rural areas and integrates resilience promotion into territory spatial planning, in order to provide a scientific theoretical basis and methodological support for territory spatial governance.
关键词:东北地区;寒地乡村;乡村韧性;规划响应
Keyword: Northeast China; village in cold area; rural resilience; planning response
中图分类号:TU984
文献标识码: A
杨忍,潘瑜鑫. 中国县域乡村脆弱性空间特征与形成机制及对策[J]. 地理学报,2021,76(6):
1438-1454.
YANG Ren, PAN Yuxin. Spatial characteristics, formation mechanism and countermeasures of rural
vulnerability in China's counties[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1438-1454.
WILSON G. Community resilience and environmental transitions[M]. London: Earthscan Routledge, 2012.
ADGER W N. Social and ecological resilience: are they related[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2000, 24(3): 347-364.
PATON D, HILL R. Managing company risk and resilience through business continuity management[M]. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 2006: 250-267.
CUTTEER S L, ASH K D, EMRICH C T. Urbanrural differences in disaster resilience[J]. Annals of
the American Association of Geographers, 2016, 106(6): 1-17.
SKERRATT S. Enhancing the analysis of rural community resilience: evidence from community land
ownership[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2013, 31(3): 36-46.
MCMANUS P, WALMSLEY J, ARGENT N, et al. Rural community and rural resilience: what is
important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2012, 28(1): 20-29.
SCHWARZ A-M, BÉNÉ C, BENNETT G, et al. Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global changes: empirical analysis from Solomon Islands[J]. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 2011, 21(3): 1128-1140.
鄂施璇. 韧性视角下农村人居环境整治绩效评估[J]. 资源开发与市场,2021(9):1053-1058. E Shixuan. Performance evaluation of rural living environment improvement based on resilience perspective[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2021(9): 1053-1058.
王成,李颢颖,何焱洲,等. 重庆直辖以来乡村人居环境可持续发展力及其时空分异研究[J]. 地理科学
进展,2019,38(4):556-566.
WANG Cheng, LI Haoying, HE Yanzhou, et al. Sustainable development ability and its spatiotemporal
differentiations of rural human settlements in Chongqing Municipality from 1997 to 2015[J].
Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(4): 556-566.
丁金华,尤希春. 苏南水网乡村水域环境韧性规划[J]. 规划师,2019,35(5):60-66.
DING Jinhua, YOU Xichun. Resilient planning of rural water environment in the countryside of Southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Planners, 2019, 35(5): 60-66.
岳俞余,彭震伟. 乡村聚落社会生态系统的韧性发展研究[J]. 南方建筑,2018(5):4-9.
YUE Yuyu, PENG Zhenwei. Research on the development of resilient social ecosystems in rural
settlements[J]. South Architecture, 2018(5): 4-9.
巩蓉蓉,何定泽,吴本健. 乡村振兴背景下脱贫地区韧性治理:机理与路径[J]. 世界农业,2021(11):12.
GONG Rongrong, HE Dingze, WU Benjian.
Resilient governance in poverty-stricken areas under the background of rural revitalization[J]. World
Agriculture, 2021(11): 12.
王雨村,李月月,潘斌. 精准扶贫视域下河南乡村产业韧性化发展策略[J]. 规划师,2018,34(12):
39-45.
WANG Yucun, LI Yueyue, PAN Bin. Resilient development strategies of precise industrial poverty
alleviation, Henan Province[J]. Planners, 2018, 34(12): 39-45.
王成,代蕊莲,陈静,等. 乡村人居环境系统韧性的演变规律及其提升路径——以国家城乡融合发展
试验区重庆西部片区为例[J]. 自然资源学报,2022(3):645-661.
WANG Cheng, DAI Ruilian, CHEN Jing, et al. The evolution law and improvement path of the
resilience of rural human settlements system—take the western part of Chongqing, the National Urban-Rural Integration Development Pilot Zone, as an example[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022(3): 645-661.
张军,顾盼. 东北地区乡村聚落空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划,2019(10):
110-115.
ZHANG Jun, GU Pan. Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural
settlements in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,
2019(10): 110-115.
王涛,程文. 严寒地区村庄空间特征及其优化策略[J]. 规划师,2015(6):86-90.
WANG Tao, CHENG Wen. Village space character and improvement in frosty region[J]. Planners, 2015(6): 86-90.
HUANG X J, LI H, ZHANG X, et al. Land use policy as an instrument of rural resilience-the case of
land withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads in China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018(87): 47-55.
王彩丽,闫绪娴. 中国乡村韧性时空分异及障碍因子诊断[J]. 经济问题,2022(10):91-97.
WANG Caili, YAN Xuxian. Spatial and temporal differentiation of rural resilience in China and diagnosis of obstacle factors[J]. On Economic Problems, 2022(10): 91-97.
李玉恒,黄惠倩,宋传垚. 中国西南贫困地区乡村韧性研究——以重庆市为例[J]. 人文地理,2022(5):
97-105.
LI Yuheng, HUANG Huiqian, SONG Chuanyao. Rural resilience in impoverished areas of Southwest China: a case study of Chongqing[J]. Human Geography, 2022(5): 97-105.
HEIJMAN W J M, HAGELAAR J L F. Rural resilience as a new development concept[C]//100th
Seminar of the EAAE: Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas in Central and Eastern Europe. NoviSad, Serbia and Montenegro: European Association of Agricultural Economists, 2007: 383-396.
WILSON G A, HU Z, RAHMAN S. Community resilience in rural China: the case of Hu Village, Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2018, 60: 130-140.
胡霄,李红波,李智,等. 河北省县域乡村韧性测度及时空演变[J]. 地理与地理信息科学,2021(3):
89-96.
HU Xiao, LI Hongbo, LI Zhi, et al. The measurement and spatial-temporal evolution of county rural
resilience in Hebei Province[J]. Geography and GeoInformation Science, 2021(3): 89-96.
李靖宇,宋洋. 关于东北优化开发主体功能区建设的战略定位论证[J]. 东北亚论坛,2008(3):65-72.
LI Jingyu, SONG Yang. Demonstration on the strategic positioning of the construction of the main functional area for the optimization and development of Northeast China[J]. Northeast Asia Forum, 2008(3): 65-72.
王学志,张正祥,盛连喜,等. 基于地貌特征的东北土地利用格局[J]. 生态学杂志,2010(12):2444-2451.
WANG Xuezhi, ZHANG Zhengxiang, SHENG Lianxi, et al. Land use patterns northeast China based
on landform characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010(12): 2444-2451.
韩晓增,邹文秀.我国东北黑土地保护与肥力提升的成效与建议[J]. 中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):
206-212.
HAN Xiaozeng, ZOU Wenxiu. Effects and suggestions on black land protection and fertility improvement in Northeast China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018, 33(2): 206-212.
刘兴土. 东北湿地[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2005.
LIU Xingtu. Northeast wetland[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005.
刘治龙,娄永琪. 文化自觉视域下的乡建思考——东北林区生态型乡村建设与设计策略研究[J]. 文艺
争鸣,2022(6):204-208.
LIU Zhilong, LOU Yongqi. Thinking on rural construction from the perspective of cultural
consciousness: study on the construction and design strategy of ecological villages in the northeast forest region[J]. Literary and Artistic Contention, 2022(6): 204-208.
那佳,黄立华,张璐,等. 我国东北草地生产力现状及可持续发展对策[J]. 中国草地学报,2019(6):
152-164.
NA Jia, HUANG Lihua, ZHANG Lu, et al. Present situation of grassland productivity in Northeast China and countermeasures for sustainable development[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2019(6): 152-164.
杜贯新,闫百泉,孙雨,等. 松嫩平原黑土区西北部阿荣旗黑土重金属分布特征、评价及预警[J]. 地质
科学,2022(2):606-621.
DU Guanxin, YAN Baiquan, SUN Yu, et al. Distribution characteristics, evaluation and early
warning of heavy metals in the black soil of Arong Banner in the northwest of Songnen Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2022(2): 606-621.
中国新闻网. 应急管理部:2022年自然灾害共造成1.12亿人次受灾[EB/OL]. (2023-01-13)[2023-01-
13]. https://www.baidu.com/link?url=xArLoJvQJ_uPJ2brYHNR3oG74o47pHTdb3pf5FNU2aT0XFiNoi3lfq Aw5pmM7PAZk8YVfzIJIjK26B2FYoRe3K&wd=&e
qid=9b66cb51000589740000000363c75f94.
Chinanews. Ministry of Emergency Management: natural disasters affected a total of 112 million people in 2022[EB/OL]. (2023-01-13) [2023-01-13]. https://www.baidu.com/link?url=xArLoJvQJ_uPJ2brYHNR3oG74o47pHTdb3pf5FNU2aT0XFiNoi3lfqAw5pmM7PAZk8YVfzIJIjK26B2FYoRe3K&wd=&eqid=9b66cb51000589740000000363c75f94.
杜瑞雪. 灾害风险分析下的严寒地区村镇防灾空间规划研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
DU Ruixue. Research on prevention space planning for villages and towns in cold region under the disaster risk analysis[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015.
蒋辉,张驰,蒋和平. 中国农业经济韧性对农业高质量发展的影响效应与机制研究[J].农业经济与管
理,2022(1):20-32.
JIANG Hui, ZHANG Chi, JIANG Heping. Research on the effect and mechanism of China's agricultural
economic resilience on the high quality development of agriculture[J]. Agricultural Economics and
Management, 2022(1): 20-32.
任志华,秦磊. 黑龙江省乡村振兴战略实施下的乡村发展策略[J]. 规划师,2022(9):139-144.
REN Zhihua, QIN Lei. Rural development and revitalization strategies in Heilongjiang Province[J].
Planners, 2022(9): 139-144.
魏后凯,李玏,杨沫. 东北县域人口流失的特征、原因及应对措施[J]. 社会科学战线,2022(8):89-95.
WEI Houkai, LI Le, YANG Mo. Characteristics, causes and countermeasures of population loss in northeast counties[J]. Social Science Front, 2022(8): 89-95.
ALBERTI M, MARZLUFF J M, SHULENBERGER E, et al. Integrating humans into ecology: opportunities
and challenges for studying urban ecosystems[J]. BioScience, 2003, 53(12): 1169-1179.
姚云云,高威威. 东北乡村人口变化与乡村振兴:关系梳理、现实困境与政策建议[J].沈阳大学学报(社
会科学版),2022(5):495-503.
YAO Yunyun, GAO Weiwei. Population change and rural revitalization in Northeast China: facts, difficulties and policy suggestions[J]. Journal of Shenyang University (Social Science), 2022(5): 495-503.
冯玲玲. 文化韧性视角下特色保护类村庄公共空间优化策略研究[J]. 城市住宅,2021(5):76-78.
FENG Lingling. Research on optimization strategies of the public space in characteristic protected villages from the perspective of cultural resilience[J]. Urban Architecture Space, 2021(5): 76-78.
谢云天. 基于文旅融合视角的东北三省乡村经济发展研究[J]. 科学策划,2022(6):125-135.
XIE Yuntian. Research on rural economic development in the three northeast provinces based on the integration of culture and tourism[J]. Scientific Decision Making, 2022(6): 125-135.
李秀霞,崔永静,陈奇,等. 东北地区人口收缩的经济效应与对策响应[J]. 人口与经济,2023(1):1-16.
LI Xiuxia, CUI Yongjing, CHEN Qi, et al. The economic effect and countermeasures of population
shrinkage in Northeast China[J]. Population & Economics, 2023(1): 1-16.
于婷婷,蒋存妍,冷红,等. 面向乡村地区国土空间治理的乡村脆弱性评价——理论思考、实证研究与
应用展望[J]. 城市规划,2022(3):45-53,73.
YU Tingting, JIANG Cunyan, LENG Hong, et al. Rural vulnerability assessment for territorial
governance in rural areas: theoretical consideration, empirical study, and application prospect[J]. City
Planning Review, 2022(3): 45-53, 73.
徐娜. 国土空间规划体系下的重庆市乡村振兴分级规划要点探讨[J]. 规划师,2021(16):42-46.
XU Na. Research on key points of Chongqing rural revitalization hierarchical planning in national territorial spatial planning system[J]. Planners, 2021(16): 42-46.
于婷婷. 严寒地区乡村景观脆弱性研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2019.
YU Tingting. Research on rural landscape vulnerability in cold area[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019.
冷红,蒋存妍. 严寒地区村镇老年群体冬季户外公共空间活动特征及规划启示[J]. 建筑学报,2015
(9):88-93.
LENG Hong, JIANG Cunyan. The activity characteristics of senior people in outdoor public space
during winter in severely cold regions and relating inspirations for planning[J]. Architectural Journal,
2015(9): 88-93.