住宅区道路可穿越对公共交通出行的便利性影响
Road Crossability in the Residential Area for Convenience of Transit Trip
宋小冬
自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授
赵一夫
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
庞 磊
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授，博士
摘要: 选取上海中心城区10个住宅区，分析居民使用常规公共交通的便利性，探讨城市道路结构对公共交通的适宜性。在每个住宅区内部，均布9—12个采样点，对每个采样点生成依靠公共交通的30分钟等时圈。对每个住宅区的等时圈面积求平均值，统计分析该区的城市道路结构、公交线路分布，再深入观察每个住宅区并进行定性分析。由此得到结论：（1）道路结构对公交服务水平有重要作用；（2）除了宽度、间距，可穿越是另一个重要因素；（3）对于较宽的支路，只要部分穿越就能承载公交线路；（4）路网密度是公交线网密度的基础，但是对于不可穿越的道路，即使提高了密度，对公交的作用也不大；（5）若可穿越的道路与居民的主要出行方向一致，公交出行便利性提升的效果明显；（6）某些住宅区中，公交线网密度较高、分布也均匀，但是道路可穿越性较差，实际的便利性反而不高。以期为居住区的道路规划设计、既有建成区的更新改造、建设公交都市提供参考和依据。
Abstract: This study selects 10 residential areas in the central city of Shanghai to analyze the convenience of public transport and explores the suitability of urban road structures for public transport. Within each residential area, 9 to 12 sampling points are evenly distributed. A 30-minute isochronous circle of transit trips is generated for each sampling point. This paper then calculates the average area of the isochronous circles of each residential area, conducts a statistical analysis of the urban road structure and the distribution of bus lines, and makes in-depth observations and qualitative analysis for each residential area. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the road structure plays an important role in public transport services. (2) In addition to width and spacing, crossability is another important factor. (3) For wide roads, even if they are partly crossable to blocks, they may suitable for bus traffic. (4) Road density is the basis of bus network density, but if not suitable for buses, these roads are only beneficial to private traffic. (5) If the crossable roads are consistent with the main travel direction of the residents, it will give convenience for public transportation. (6) In some residential areas, the density of bus networks is high and the distribution is even, but if the roads are poorly crossed, the convenience of public transport is also poor. The above conclusions can provide references for road planning and design in residential areas, as well as developing public transport cities.
关键词：道路结构；公共交通；公交出行；住宅区规划
Keyword: road structure; public transport; transit trip; residential area planning
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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