城市滨水空间的韧性机理及其设计响应

Resilience Mechanism and Design Response of Urban Waterfront

邹 锦
上海城建职业学院 教师,高级工程师,博士

摘要: 在应对气候变化与防洪的压力下,强化城市滨水空间的“韧性”成为研究热点。通过对韧性思维底层逻辑的分析,提出解决滨水区设计问题的关键在于对系统阈值及内在机理的理解。通过对城市滨水空间的景观要素及其关键变量的识别,认识其韧性作用机理,将韧性景观设计策略运用在对关键变量的响应上,提出滨水空间的韧性设计方法与策略。同时对研究的尺度、阈值的确定与量化、“特定韧性”与“普遍韧性”,以及适应性循环的认识等方面提出延伸思考,为后续研究指明方向,以期在中小尺度上对韧性理论和设计应用进行深入探索。

Abstract: The great pressure of climate change and floods on cities highlights the "resilience" of urban waterfront. By analyzing the underlying logic of resilience, this paper puts forward that the key is to understand the system threshold and the intrinsic resilience mechanism. By identifying elements and key variables of urban waterfront, this paper aims to recognize the mechanism of resilience, apply the resilience landscape design strategy to respond to key variables, and put forward the resilience design method and strategies, so as to construct the resilience landscape system for urban waterfront. This paper also extends thinking on the research scale, the determination and quantification of threshold, "specific resilience" and "universal resilience", and the understanding of adaptive cycle, which point out the direction for subsequent research. This paper is an exploration of resilience theory and design applications at small and medium scales.

关键词:城市滨水空间;适应性策略;韧性;阈值;关键变量

Keyword: urban waterfront; adaptive strategy; resilience; threshold; key variables

中图分类号:TU984

文献标识码: A

资金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目 沿海城市洪灾韧性的表征测度、影响机制与规划调控研究 52178048

PICKETT S T A, CADENASSO M L, GROVE J M. Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 69(4): 369-384.
CUMMING G S. Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2011, 26: 899-909.
WENG Y C. Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2007, 81(4): 341-353.
AHERN J. From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: sustainability and resilience in the new urban world[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2011, 100(4): 341-343.
LU P, STEAD D. Understanding the notion of resilience in spatial planning: a case study of Rotterdam, the Netherlands[J]. Cities, 2013, 35: 200-212.
BENGTSSON J, ANGELSTAM P, ELMQVIST T, et al. Reserves, resilience and dynamic landscapes[J]. Ambio, 2003, 32(6): 389-396.
WU J. Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2013, 28: 999-1023.
AHERN J. Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2013, 28: 1203-1212.
MEEROW S, NEWELL J P, STULTS M, et al. Defining urban resilience: a review[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2016, 147: 38-49.
STEINER F. Frontiers in urban ecological design and planning research[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, 125: 304-311.
AERTS J, BOTZEN W J. Flood-resilient waterfront development in New York City: bridging flood insurance, building codes, and flood zoning[J]. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011, 1227: 1-82.
HOLLING C S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973, 4: 1-23.
徐耀阳,李刚,崔胜辉,等. 韧性科学的回顾与展望:从生态理论到城市实践[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(15):5297-5304.
XU Yaoyang, LI Gang, CUI Shenghui, et al. Review and perspective on resilience science: from ecological theory to urban practice[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(15): 5297-5304.
山形与志树,阿尤布•谢里菲. 韧性城市规划的理论与实践[M]. 曹琦,师满江,译. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2020.
YOSHIKI Y, SHARIFI A. Resilience-oriented urban planning: theoretical and empirical insights[M]. CAO Qi, SHI Manjiang, translate. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2020.
WALKER B, SALT D. 弹性思维:不断变化的世界中社会—生态系统的可持续性[M]. 彭少麟,陈宝明,赵琼,等,译. 北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
WALKER B, SALT D. Resilience thinking: sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world[M]. PENG Shaolin, CHEN Baoming, ZHAO Qiong, et al, translate. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2010.
WALKER B, HOLLING C S, CARPENTER S R, et al. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems[J]. Ecology and Society, 2003, 9(2): 5.
FOLKE C. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(3): 253-267.
俞孔坚,徐涛,李迪华,等. 城市水系统弹性研究进展[J]. 城市规划学刊,2015(1):75-83.
YU Kongjian, XU Tao, LI Dihua, et al. A review: urban water resilience[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2015(1): 75-83.
GUNDERSON L H, HOLLING C S. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems[M]. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.
Resilience Alliance. Resilience[EB/OL]. [2022-11-04]. http://www.resalliance.org/index.php/resilience.
邹锦. 基于过程的山地城市滨水区景观设计方法研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2016.
ZOU Jin. Study on the process-based landscape design in mountainous urban waterfront[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2016.
李彤玥. 韧性城市研究新进展[J]. 国际城市规划,2017(3):15-25.
LI Tongyue. New progress in study on resilient cities[J]. Urban Planning International, 2017(3): 15-25.
WALKER B, SALT D. Resilience thinking: sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world[M]. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006.
翟俊. 不以审美表象为主导的师法自然:行使功能的景观[J]. 中国园林,2010(12):36-40.
ZHAI Jun. Learning from nature should not based on predominance of its aesthetic appearances: landscape as performative or working system[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010(12): 36-40.
翟俊. 弹性作为城市应对气候变化的组织架构——以美国“桑迪”飓风灾后重建竞赛的优胜方案为例[J]. 城市规划,2016(8):9-15.
ZHAI Jun. Resilience as a framework for cities cope with climate changes: a case study on the winning entries of American post hurricane Sandy disaster reconstruction competition[J]. City Planning Review, 2016(8): 9-15.
Rebuild by Design. Homepage[EB/OL]. [2022-10-24]. http://www.rebuildbydesign.org.
MARSH W M. Landscape planning - environmental applications[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005.
LEVIN S. Fragile dominion[M]. Cambridge: Perseus Books Group, 1999.

微信扫一扫
关注“上海城市规划”
公众号