高铁对区域可达性与空间联系格局的影响* ——以长三角城市群为例
The Impact of High Speed Rail on Regional Accessibility and Spatial Linkage Patterns: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster
严亚磊
江苏省规划设计集团城规院 助理规划师，硕士
赖江浩
江苏省规划设计集团城规院 高级规划师
于 涛（通信作者）
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 以长三角城市群为研究区域，基于城际高铁通行时长、班次数据、人口流动数据，利用平均旅行时长、社会网络分析研究高铁对区域可达性和空间联系格局演变的影响，发现：①高铁推动各大中小城市均衡地接入长三角高铁网络，区域可达性整体水平提升了50%，但过长的途外附属时间使得未开通高铁的城市、中小城市在区域可达性格局中处于劣势。②高铁推动了长三角空间联系格局的非均衡演变，在中心辐射型高铁网络的带动下，人口趋于向上海、南京、杭州、合肥等中心城市流动，与周边地区形成同城化的核心边缘模式，而未开通高铁的城市与外围城市在空间联系格局中面临着要素流失的困境。③总结了高铁影响区域发展的作用路径，为推动长三角高质量和区域一体化发展提出相关建议。
Abstract: Taking the Yangtze River Delta city cluster as the study area, based on intercity high-speed rail travel time, frequency, and population flow data, the study investigates the impact of high-speed rail on the evolution of regional accessibility and spatial linkage patterns using average travel time and social network analysis. The study finds that the high-speed rail has promoted balanced access of large, medium and small cities to the Yangtze River Delta high-speed rail network, and the overall inter-regional transportation time is reduced by 50%, but the excessive out-of-route subsidiary time put cities without high-speed rail, medium and small cities at a disadvantage in the regional accessibility pattern. In addition, high-speed rail has promoted the uneven evolution of the regional connectivity pattern in the Yangtze River Delta. Driven by the central radiating high-speed rail network, the population tends to flow to the central cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Hefei, forming a core-edge pattern of co-location with the surrounding areas, while the cities without high-speed rail and peripheral cities face the dilemma of factor loss in the regional connectivity network pattern. Finally, the study qualitatively summarizes the role paths of high-speed railways in influencing regional development and makes relevant suggestions for promoting high-quality development and balanced regional development in the Yangtze River Delta.
关键词：江苏省规划设计集团城规院 高级规划师
Keyword: high speed rail; accessibility; spatial linkage pattern; imbalance; the Yangtze River Delta city cluster
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 中小城市高铁新城地域空间效应与机制研究——以京沪高铁为例 51878330
丁嵩，李红. 国外高速铁路空间经济效应研究进展及启示[J]. 人文地理，2014，29（1）：9-14.
DING Song, LI Hong. Progress of overseas studies on spatial economic effect of high speed rail and its implications[J]. Human Geography, 2014, 29(1): 9-14.
张俊. 高铁建设与县域经济发展——基于卫星灯光数据的研究[J]. 经济学（季刊），2017，16（4）：1533-1562.
ZHANG Jun. High speed rail construction and county economic development: the research of satellite light data[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2017, 16(4): 1533-1562.
李新光，黄安民. 高铁对县域经济增长溢出效应的影响研究——以福建省为例[J]. 地理科学，2018，38（2）：233-241.
LI Xinguang, HUANG Anmin. Spillovers effect of the high-speed railway on counties' economic growth: taking Fujian Province as an example[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(2): 233-241.
SPIEKERMANN K, WEGENER M. The shrinking continent: new time-space maps of Europe[J]. Environment and Planning B Planning and Design, 1994, 21(6): 653-673.
文嫮，韩旭. 高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响[J]. 人文地理，2017，32（1）：99-108.
WEN Hu, HAN Xu. The impacts of high-speed rails on the accessibility and the spatial pattern of regional economic development in China[J]. Human Geography, 2017, 32(1): 99-108.
马颖忆，陆玉麒，柯文前，等. 泛亚高铁建设对中国西南边疆地区与中南半岛空间联系的影响[J]. 地理研究，2015，34（5）：825-837.
MA Yingyi, LU Yuqi, KE Wenqian, et al. The influence of Pan-Asia high speed railway construction on spatial relation between southwest China's frontier area and Indo-China Peninsula[J]. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(5): 825-837.
姚兆钊，曹卫东，岳洋，等. 高铁对泛长三角地区可达性格局影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境，2018，27（10）：2182-2193.
YAO Zhaozhao, CAO Weidong, YUE Yang, et al. Study on the influence of high-speed railway on the accessibility pattern in Pan-Yangtze River Delta region[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(10): 2182-2193.
宋文杰，朱青，朱月梅，等. 高铁对不同规模城市发展的影响[J]. 经济地理，2015，35（10）：57-63.
SONG Wenjie, ZHU Qing, ZHU Yuemei, et al. The impacts of high speed railways for different scale cities[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(10): 57-63.
王春杨，任晓红，李玉华. 高铁联网背景下中国中心城市可达性与联动格局[J]. 地域研究与开发，2018，37（4）：54-60.
WANG Chunyang, REN Xiaohong, LI Yuhua. Accessibility and linkage pattern of central cities under high speed rail network[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2018, 37(4): 54-60.
WANG J J, XU J, HE J. Spatial impacts of high-speed railways in China: a total-travel-time approach[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2013, 45(9): 2261-2280.
李胜全，张强华. 高速铁路时代大型铁路枢纽的发展模式探讨——从“交通综合体”到“城市综合体”[J]. 规划师，2011，27（7）：26-30.
LI Shengquan, ZHANG Qianghua. High-speed rail transportation hub development mode: from transport complex to urban complex[J]. Planners, 2011, 27(7): 26-30.
王振，秦湃，李泽萍，等. 京津城际铁路对职住分离的影响[J]. 山西财经大学学报，2016，38（S1）：4-9.
WANG Zhen, QIN Pai, LI Zeping, et al. The impact of Beijing-Tianjin intercity railroad on the separation of employment and residence[J]. Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, 2016, 38(S1): 4-9.
吴康，方创琳，赵渺希，等. 京津城际高速铁路影响下的跨城流动空间特征[J]. 地理学报，2013，68（2）：159-174.
WU Kang, FANG Chuanglin, ZHAO Miaoxi, et al. The intercity space of flow influenced by high-speed rail: a case study for the rail transit passenger behavior between Beijing and Tianjin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(2): 159-174.
SASAKI K, OHASHI T, ANDO A. High-speed rail transit impact on regional systems: does the Shinkansen contribute to dispersion?[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 1997, 31(1): 77-98.
KWANG S K. High-speed rail developments and spatial restructuring: a case study of the capital region in South Korea[J]. Cities, 2000, 17(4): 251-262.
林上，冯雷. 日本高速铁路建设及其社会经济影响[J]. 城市与区域规划研究，2017，9（2）：176-200.
LIN Shang, FENG Lei. High-speed railroad construction in Japan and its socio-economic impact[J]. Journal of Urban and Regional Planning, 2017, 9(2): 176-200.
汪德根，陈田，陆林，等. 区域旅游流空间结构的高铁效应及机理——以中国京沪高铁为例[J]. 地理学报，2015，70（2）：214-233.
WANG Degen, CHEN Tian, LU Lin, et al. Mechanism and HSR effect of spatial structure of regional tourist flow: case study of Beijing-Shanghai HSR in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(2): 214-233.
TRAVIS M L. High speed rail and economic devel-opment[C]//Proceedings of Metropolitan Conference on Public Transportation Research. Chicago, 1991.
杨策，吴成龙，刘冬洋. 日本东海道新干线对我国高铁发展的启示[J]. 规划师，2016，32（12）：136-141.
YANG Ce, WU Chenglong, LIU Dongyang. The inspiration of Japan Tokaido Shinkansen to China's high-speed rail development[J]. Planners, 2016, 32(12): 136-141.
崔晶，李雪涛，初楠臣. 欠发达地区高铁可达性与经济社会的协调性研究[J]. 经济地理，2020，40（3）：43-51.
CUI Jing, LI Xuetao, CHU Nanchen. Study on the harmonization of high speed rail accessibility and economic and social in less developed areas[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(3): 43-51.
李仙德，宁越敏. 城市群研究述评与展望[J]. 地理科学，2012，32（3）：282-288.
LI Xiande, NING Yuemin. Review and prospects of urban cluster research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(3): 282-288.
龙玉，赵海龙，张新德，等. 时空压缩下的风险投资——高铁通车与风险投资区域变化[J]. 经济研究，2017，52（4）：195-208.
LONG Yu, ZHAO Hailong, ZHANG Xinde, et al. High-speed railway and venture capital investment[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2017, 52(4): 195-208.
李小建. 经济地理学（第二版）[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006.
LI Xiaojian. Economic geography (second edition)[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.
王缉宪. 高速铁路影响城市与区域发展的机理[J]. 国际城市规划，2011，26（6）：1-5.
WANG Jixian. Urban and regional impacts of high-speed railways: a preamble[J]. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(6): 1-5.
李阿萌，肖翔. 高速铁路对长三角地区城市经济联系格局的影响[J]. 现代城市研究，2014（9）：110-116.
LI Ameng, XIAO Xiang. The influence of high-speed railways on urban economical relation in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2014(9): 110-116.
黎绍凯，朱卫平，刘东. 高铁能否促进产业结构升级：基于资源再配置的视角[J]. 南方经济，2020（2）：56-72.
LI Shaokai, ZHU Weiping, LIU Dong. Whether high-speed rail can promote industrial structure upgrading: based on the perspective of resource reallocation[J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2020(2): 56-72.
高鹤. 财政分权、经济结构与地方政府行为：一个中国经济转型的理论框架[J]. 世界经济，2006（10）：59-68.
GAO He. Fiscal decentralization, economic structure and local government behavior: a theoretical framework for China's economic transformation[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2006(10): 59-68.
史官清，张先平，秦迪. 我国高铁新城的使命缺失与建设建议[J]. 城市发展研究，2014，21（10）：1-5.
SHI Guanqing, ZHANG Xianping, QIN Di. The lack of mission and construction suggestions of China's high-speed railway new cities[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2014, 21(10): 1-5.
