社会住宅社区营造的经验与启示 ——以台北市“社会住宅青年创新回馈计划”为例
The Experience and Inspiration of Community Building in Social Housing: A Case Study of "Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation"
王 峥
台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所 博士研究生 厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院 助理教授
摘要: 社会住宅因其社会福利属性带来的弱势群体聚居现象，常引发周边邻里的排斥而被标签化。为避免社会排斥，除了提升社会住宅的硬件条件外，还可采取混合居住模式，但居民的多元异质却造成社区融合的不易。针对这些问题，台北市“社会住宅青年创新回馈计划”在社会住宅中开展针对性的社区营造活动，成效显著。从该计划的参与主体、运行机制、营造策略、现有成效及呈现问题等多个角度进行解析，研究其推动社区营造的过程，总结出弹性政策与制度创新、多元主体的协同合作、灵活多样的互动机制和互惠共享的价值导向等4方面的实践经验，以期为大陆的混合居住社区推动社区营造提供借鉴。
Abstract: Social housing is often labeled due to its social welfare attributes that bring about the phenomenon of clustering of disadvantaged groups, which often triggers isolation by neighboring residents. In order to avoid social exclusion, apart from improving the hardware conditions of social housing, mixed-income housing models can be adopted, but the heterogeneity of residents' identities and incomes makes community integration difficult. In response to these problems, "Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation" has carried out targeted community building activities in social housing with remarkable results. We analyze the program from various perspectives, such as the participating parties, operation mechanism, creation strategy, current effectiveness and problems, study the process of promoting community building, and conclude four practical experiences, such as flexible policy and institutional innovation, collaborative cooperation of multiple parties, flexible and diverse interaction mechanism, and value orientation of mutual benefit and sharing, in order to provide a reference for promoting community building in mixed-income communities in mainland China.
关键词：社会住宅；混合居住；社区营造；青年创新回馈计划；台北
Keyword: social housing; mixed-income community; community building; Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation; Taipei
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
花敬群. 从房子到服务输送平台：社会住宅的现代合宜观点[J]. 台湾建筑学会会刊杂志，2011（63）：35-37.
HUA Ching-chun. From house to service delivery platform: a modern and appropriate view of social housing[J]. Bulletin Magazine of Architectural Institute of Taiwan, 2011(63): 35-37.
COHEN C S, PHILLIPS M H. Building community: principles for social work practice in housing settings[J]. Social Work, 1997, 42(5): 471-481.
廖俊松. 社会住宅的社区营造策略分析：从菩提长青村的社会住宅实践出发[J]. 环境与艺术学刊，2012（12）：66-88.
LIAO Chun-sung. Community empowerment in social housing: an action research of Bodhi Changching Village[J]. Journal of Environment & Art, 2012(12): 66-88.
陈怡伶. 台湾的住宅体系：自由市场和住宅商品化下的居住危机[J]. 国际城市规划，2013，28（5）：10-17.
CHEN Yiling. Taiwan's housing system: the crises under free market and commodification[J]. Urban Planning International, 2013, 28(5): 10-17.
台湾地区行政管理机构主计处. 2010年人口及住宅普查初步统计结果提要分析[EB/OL].（2011-09）[2022-08-08]. https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/1112143117MKFOK1MR.pdf.
DGBAS. Summary analysis of the preliminary results of the 2010 census of population and dwellings[EB/OL]. (2011-09) [2022-08-08].
https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/1112143117MKFOK1MR.pdf.
台湾行政事务主管部门不动产信息平台. 房价负担能力统计[EB/OL].（2021-02）[2022-08-08]. https://pip.moi.gov.tw/V3/E/SCRE0105.aspx.
Real Estate Information Network Platform of Taiwan Administration Affairs Department. Housing affordability statistics report[EB/OL].(2021-02)[2022-08-08].
https://pip.moi.gov.tw/V3/E/SCRE0105.aspx.
花敬群. 2011年度“台湾地区社会住宅推动策略规划”委托案成果报告书[R]. 2012.
HUA Ching-chun. Report on the results of the 2011 "Social Housing Promotion Strategy Plan for Taiwan" project[R]. 2012.
黄丽玲. 社会住宅政策与社会转型的新视野[J]. 新社会政策，2011（14）：13-16.
HUANG Liling. A new vision of social housing policy and social transformation[J]. New Society for Taiwan, 2011(14): 13-16.
黄诣芸. 社会住宅青年创新回馈计划之影响——以台北市兴隆社宅D2为例[D]. 台北：台湾大学，2021.
HUANG Yiyun. The impact of Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation - a study on the Xinglong D2 social housing[D]. Taipei: Taiwan University, 2021.
邢淑伶. 从邻避到迎毗：以健康社会住宅居民与周遭社区居民对社会住宅之态度为例[D]. 台北：台湾大学，2021.
HINH Thuc-linh. From NIMBY to YIMBY: the changing attitude to social housing policy of neighboring communities - a case study to Jiankang social housing[D]. Taipei: Taiwan University, 2021.
曾采蓁. 创造混合收入社区：台北市安康平价住宅到兴隆社会住宅的转型[D]. 台北：台湾大学，2020.
TSENG Tsai-chen. Making a mixed-income community: the transformation of Ankang low cost housing to Xinglong public housing in Taipei[D]. Taipei: Taiwan University, 2020.
KLEIT R G. HOPE VI new communities: neighborhood relationships in mixed-income housing[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2005(37): 1413-1441.
JOSEPH M L, CHASKIN R J, WEBBER H S. The theoretical basis for addressing poverty through mixed-income development[J]. Urban Affairs Review, 2007, 42(3): 369-409.
MCCORMICK N J, JOSEPH M L, CHASKIN R J. The new stigma of relocated public housing residents: challenges to social identity in mixed-income developments[J]. City & Community, 2012, 11(3): 285-308.
THURBER A, BOHMANN C R, HEFLINGER C A. Spatially integrated and socially segregated: the effects of mixed-income neighbourhoods on social well-being[J]. Urban Studies, 2018, 55(9): 1859-1874.
刘柏宏，林采鸿. 社会住宅为何需要社区营造？以台北青创计划为例[EB/OL].（2020-10-21）[2022-08-08]. https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/12838/4951963.
LIU Po-hung, LIN Cai-hung. Why social housing needs community building? A case study of Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation[EB/OL]. (2020-10-21) [2022-08-08]. https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/12838/4951963.
台北市都发局. 2022年度广慈博爱园区社会住宅青年创新回馈提案计划征件简章[EB/OL].（2020-10-21）[2022-08-08]. https://www.udd.gov.taipei/events/fhqekzq-17584.
DUD of Taipei City Government. Call for proposals for the 2022 "Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation" for Guangci-Bo'ai Park[EB/OL]. (2020-10-21) [2022-08-08]. https://www.udd.gov.taipei/events/fhqekzq-17584.
吴柏澍. 青创好家在台北青创计划的回顾与前行[EB/OL].（2020-02-05）[2022-08-08]. https://eyesonplace.net/2020/02/05/13623/.
WU Po-shu. Youth creates good homes in Taipei - a review and moving forward of Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation[EB/OL]. (2020-02-05) [2022-08-08]. https://eyesonplace.net/2020/02/05/13623/.
傅仰止. 社会资本的概念化与运作：论家人重叠网络中的“时间投资”机制[J]. 台湾社会学，2005（9）：165-203.
FU Yang-chih. The conceptualization and operation of social capital: time investment in overlapping networks[J]. Taiwan Sociology, 2005(9): 165-203.
台北市政府社会局. 社会住宅青年创新回馈计划[EB/OL].（2020-12-28）[2022-08-08]. https://dosw.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=96CA70B5FC3C3D56&sms=C04230CB75259A56&s=BE95D373CBA73D55.
DCW of Taipei City Government. Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation[EB/OL]. (2020-12-28) [2022-08-08]. https://dosw.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=96CA70B5FC3C3D56&sms=C04230CB75259A56&s=BE95D373CBA73D55.
台北市都发局. 信义广慈D、E社会住宅“青年创新回馈计划”征件开跑[EB/OL].（2022-01-18）[2022-08-08]. https://www.udd.gov.taipei/events/fhqekzq-17578.
DUD of Taipei City Government. "Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation" for Guangci D and E social housing in Xinyi District is open for submissions[EB/OL]. (2022-01-18) [2022-08-08]. https://www.udd.gov.taipei/events/fhqekzq-17578.
原典创思. 悉心呵护社造种子，“青创计划”幕后团队如何推动延续与传承[EB/OL].（2022-01-09）[2022-08-08]. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/161141/fullpage.
Classic Design and Planning. How the team behind "Taipei Social Housing for Youth Innovation" promotes continuity and heritage by caring for the seeds of community building[EB/OL]. (2022-01-09) [2022-08-08]. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/161141/fullpage.
萧扬基. 社区营造中社会资本对公民治理的影响[J]. 台湾社区工作与社区研究学刊，2015，5（2）：137-176.
SHIAU Young-key. The impact of social capital of community building on citizen governance[J]. Journal of Community Work and Community Studies, 2015, 5(2): 137-176.
莫筱筱，明亮. 台湾社区营造的经验及启示[J]. 城市发展研究，2016，23（1）：91-96.
MO Xiaoxiao, MING Liang. The experience and inspiration of community building in Taiwan[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2016, 23(1): 91-96.
