基于全国网络调研的防疫社区功能需求研究*
Study on the Functional Requirement of COVID-19 Prevention Community Based on National Online Questionnaire Survey
谭宇星
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
徐磊青
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
孟丹诚
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生
黄健美（通信作者）
同济大学政治与国际关系学院 讲师
摘要: 社区生活圈是提供公共服务的基本单元，在疫情等突发卫生事件暴发时，社区是维系民生防灾抗疫的主战场。通过调查居民在疫情期间的生活需求，为防疫社区的构建提供数据支撑。在2020年2月17日至2月18日，12 785位居民完成了网络问卷，其中有效问卷4 222份。调查结果显示了居民对食品采购、消毒防疫、体育卫生、快递、社区设施等方面的需求，依此提出了5条对策用于改善社区在疫情期间的功能作用。防疫社区规划和完善需要公众的持续参与和社区功能的优化，并将其作为一项长期的公共卫生项目来管理。
Abstract: The community living circle is the basic unit of providing public services. Studies on the functional requirement of the COVID-19 prevention community are receiving increased attention. In this paper, we consider that the optimization of function in the community is beneficial to people's livelihood, especially during public health emergencies. A total of 12 785 residents completed the online questionnaires from February 17th to 18th in 2020, and 4 222 valid questionnaires were collected. Results of the survey show residents' needs covering food procurement, disinfection and epidemic prevention, sports and health, express delivery, community facilities, and other aspects. The paper proposes five countermeasures to improve the function of the community during the epidemic. Continuing public participation and optimization of community functions, administered as a public health program, is needed to improve community planning.
关键词：防疫社区；健康社区；社区生活圈；全国网络问卷调研；公共卫生
Keyword: COVID-19 prevention community; healthy community; community living circle; national online questionnaire survey; public health
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “基于公共性的公共空间布局效能与关键指标研究：以中心商业区地块为例” 51778422
徐磊青，张珍，李孟琦. 基于风险管理的防疫社区规划指南[J]. 北京规划建设，2020（4）：35-38.
XU Leiqing, ZHANG Zhen, LI Mengqi. Guidelines for community planning for epidemic prevention based on risk management[J]. Beijing Planning Review, 2020(4): 35-38.
王兰，李潇天，杨晓明. 健康融入15分钟社区生活圈：突发公共卫生事件下的社区应对[J]. 规划师，2020，36（6）：102-106，120.
WANG Lan, LI Xiaotian, YANG Xiaoming. Health in 15-minute life sphere: community response to public health emergency[J]. Planners, 2020, 36(6): 102-106, 120.
IDAJATI H, PAMUNGKAS A, KUKINUL S V, et al. Increasing community knowledge of planning process and online Musrenbang process in Rungkut District Surabaya[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016, 227: 493-497.
王健，王立鹏. 城镇老旧小区改造：抗“疫”复产期经济增长新动能[J]. 行政管理改革，2020（5）：41-46.
WANG Jian, WANG Lipeng. Renovation of old residential community in towns and cities: new impetus of economic growth in the recovery of COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Administration Reform, 2020(5): 41-46.
上海市规划和国土资源管理局. 上海市15分钟社区生活圈规划研究与实践[M]. 上海：上海人民出版社，2017.
Shanghai Urban Planning and Land Resources Administration Bureau. Shanghai planning guidance of 15-minute community-life circle[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2017.
赵宝静，奚文沁，吴秋晴，等. 塑造韧性社区共同体：生活圈的规划思考与策略[J]. 上海城市规划，2020（2）：14-19.
ZHAO Baojing, XI Wenqin, WU Qiuqing, et al. Shaping a resilient community: planning methods for the community life circle[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2020(2): 14-19.
王兰，周楷宸. 健康公平视角下社区体育设施分布绩效评价——以上海市中心城区为例[J]. 西部人居环境刊，2019，34（2）：1-7.
WANG Lan, ZHOU Kaichen. Performance assessment of the distribution of community sports facility from the perspective of healthy equity: a case study of the central city of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2019, 34(2): 1-7.
杨俊宴，史北祥，夏歌阳，等. “城市—社区”兼顾型城市双尺度防疫体系构建[J]. 科学通报，2021，66（z1）：433-438.
YANG Junyan, SHI Beixiang, XIA Geyang, et al. Construction of a double-scale epidemic prevention system with consideration of city and community[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(z1): 433-438.
任云英，陈超. 防疫视角下城市社区安全治理与设施嵌套体系初探[J]. 西部人居环境学刊，2020，35（3）：17-22.
REN Yunying, CHEN Chao. Thoughts on prevention and control of urban community safety and nesting system of facilities from the perspective of epidemic situation[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2020, 35(3): 17-22.
王一. 健康城市导向下的社区规划[J]. 规划师，2015，31（10）：101-105.
WANG Yi. Healthy city oriented community planning[J]. Planners, 2015, 31(10): 101-105.
吴一洲，杨佳成，陈前虎. 健康社区建设的研究进展与关键维度探索——基于国际知识图谱分析[J]. 国际城市规划，2020，35（5）：80-90.
WU Yizhou, YANG Jiacheng, CHEN Qianhu. Research progress and key dimension exploration of healthy community construction: based on the analysis of international knowledge map[J]. Urban Planning International, 2020, 35(5): 80-90.
孟丹诚，徐磊青. 基于场景理论的健康社区营造[J]. 南方建筑，2021（3）：36-44.
MENG Dancheng, XU Leiqing. Place-making in healthy communities using the theory of scenes[J]. South Architecture, 2021(3): 36-44.
袁媛. 本期主题：全龄友好的健康社区[J]. 上海城市规划，2021（1）：5-6.
YUAN Yuan. The topic of this issue: all-age friendly healthy communities[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2021(1): 5-6.
WEIBIN D, DI H, LIU H. "Reflections on improving the construction of express terminal distribution system in the context of COVID-19 epidemic—a case study of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science Edition), 2020, 32(3): 113-119.
