基于多源数据的小学空间服务绩效评价方法及优化策略——以武汉东西湖区为例
Evaluation Method and Optimization Strategy of Primary School Spatial Service Performance Based on Multi-source Data: A Case Study of Dongxihu District, Wuhan
牛 强
武汉大学城市设计学院 城乡规划系主任，教授，博士生导师
彭 阳
武汉市土地利用和城市空间规划研究中心 高级工程师，硕士
宁 玲
湖北工业大学 高级工程师，硕士
陈 伟
武汉市土地利用和城市空间规划研究中心 副总工程师，正高级工程师
吴宛娴
武汉大学城市设计学院 硕士研究生
张永雄
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 助理规划师，硕士
摘要: 优化小学空间服务绩效对于完善公共服务体系、推进基本教育资源均等化配置具有重要意义。尝试基于多源数据的综合应用构建一个推广性强、科学合理的小学空间服务绩效评价方法，并以湖北省武汉市东西湖区为例进行评价分析，提出优化策略。首先，通过文献梳理确定以步行友好作为评价原则。其次，通过社会调查确定步行可达性与步行安全性两个评价指标及其标准。再次，通过多源大数据，从小学服务的每个个体的出行感受出发，以学区为单位对小学空间服务绩效进行精细化评价。评价结果显示，东西湖区部分小学存在学区面积过大、学校布点不合理、道路系统不完善等问题。最后，针对以上问题提出新增学校、调整学校布点、调整学区、优化步行路网、增加过街设施等优化策略，并选取3个典型小学进行具体的优化方案分析。通过对数据增强设计的一次有益探索，为小学布局、学区设置及道路和用地规划等提供科学依据。
Abstract: Optimizing the performance of elementary school spatial services is important for improving the public service system and promoting the equal allocation of basic education resources. This paper attempts to construct a generalized, scientific and reasonable evaluation method for the spatial service performance of elementary schools based on the comprehensive application of multi-source data, and using Dongxihu District of Wuhan City as a specific case to evaluate, analyze and propose optimization strategies. Firstly, the evaluation principle of pedestrian friendliness is determined through a literature review. Then two evaluation indexes and criteria of pedestrian accessibility and safety are determined through a social survey. From the perspective of each student's travel experience, the school-district-based spatial service performance of elementary schools is finely evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of multi-source data. The evaluation results find that the school districts of some elementary schools in Dongxihu District are too large, the distribution of schools is unreasonable, and the road system is not perfect. In response to these problems, we propose optimization strategies such as adding new schools, adjusting school distribution, adjusting school districts, optimizing the pedestrian network, and increasing street crossing facilities, and select three typical elementary schools for specific optimization plan analysis. This study is a useful exploration of Data Augmented Design, and provides a relatively scientific basis for primary school layout, school district setting, road and land planning.
关键词：小学；空间服务绩效；优化策略；多源数据；武汉市
Keyword: elementary school; spatial service performance; optimization strategy; multi-source data; Wuhan City
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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