积极应对人口老龄化战略下适老化出行的建成环境 研究*
Examining the Built Environment Suitable for the Elderly's Travel under the Background of the National Strategy "Actively Addressing Population Aging"
杨林川
西南交通大学建筑学院 特聘研究员，博士生导师 上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室 客座研究人员
刘吉祥（通信作者）
上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室 客座研究人员 厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院 助理教授，博士
唐祥龙
西南交通大学建筑学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 党的十九届五中全会将积极应对人口老龄化上升到最高层级的国家战略，全方位地做好应对老龄化的各种准备、满足
老年人多元需求由此成为国家中心工作之一。移动性与老年人的身心健康、生活质量及福祉息息相关，其受到社区建成
环境的直接影响。基于2015年福建省厦门市居民出行调查数据，提取12 082个60岁及以上的老年人样本，建立多层二元
logit和多层负二项回归模型，识别影响老年人出行倾向和次数（频率）的建成环境要素。结果表明：（1）土地利用混合
度与老年人移动性正相关；（2）商业设施可达性与老年人移动性正相关；（3）人口密度和公交线路密度对老年人移动
性的影响较为复杂，存在提升移动性的最优取值区间；（4）社会经济属性和建成环境对出行倾向和次数的影响较为相
似，但也有所差异。
Abstract: In October 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed the national strategy "actively addressing
population aging". Therefore, making great preparations for population aging and satisfying the needs of older adults become the core
work of China now. The mobility of the elderly, which is closely related to their physical and mental health, quality of life, and wellbeing,
is directly affected by the built environment. Based on the 2015 Xiamen Travel Survey data, this study develops a multilevel
binary logit model and a multilevel negative binomial regression model to identify the built environment correlating with travel
propensity and trip frequency of older adults. The results show that: (1) Mixed land use positively affects the mobility of older adults;
(2) Accessibility to the commercial center positively affects the mobility of older adults; (3) The relationship between population
density, bus route density, and the mobility of older adults is complex. There is an optimal mobility-enhancing range for the two
built environment variables; and (4) The effects of socioeconomic and built-environment variables on the travel propensity and trip
frequency are similar.
关键词：老年人；建成环境；人居环境；移动性；多层二元logit模型；多层负二项回归模型；生活质量
Keyword: older adult; built environment; human settlement; mobility; multilevel binary logit regression model; multilevel negative binomial regression model; quality of life
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
四川省科学技术厅2022年四川省软科学项目 “积极应对人口老龄化战略下社区适老化步行环境建设研究” 2022JDR0178
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